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PHYSL 212 > CARDIO 5 > Flashcards

CARDIO 5 Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

what do sympathetic post ganglion fibres innervate

A
  1. atria
  2. ventricles
  3. SA node
  4. AV node
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2
Q

what do sympathetic post ganglion fibres secrete

A

NA

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3
Q

what do parasympathetic post ganglion fibres innervate

A
  1. atria
  2. SA node
  3. AV node
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4
Q

what do parasympathetic post ganglion fibres secrete

A

Ach

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5
Q

what does para sympathetic NS cause in SA node

A
  1. decrease rate of depol

2. decrease rate of rise to threshold

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6
Q

what does para sympathetic NS cause in AV node

A
  1. decrease conduction through AV node

2. increase AV delay

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7
Q

what does para sympathetic NS cause in atrial muscle

A
  1. decrease contractility of atrial myocardium

2. decrease force of contraction

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8
Q

what does para sympathetic NS cause in ventricular muscle

A

none

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9
Q

what does sympathetic NS cause in ventricular muscle

A
  1. increase contractility of ventricular myocardium

2. increase force of contraction

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10
Q

what is the overall function of parasympathetic

A

decrease force and rate of contraction

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11
Q

what is the overall function of sympathetic

A

increase force and rate of contraction

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12
Q

what is cardiac output

A

amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 min

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13
Q

what is formula for cardiac output

A

CO = heart rate x stroke vol

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14
Q

what is stroke vol

A

amount of blood pumped from each ventricle during systole

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15
Q

how is cardiac output diff from stroke vol

A

measured in unit time

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16
Q

how can heart rate be altered

A

modify activity of SA node

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17
Q

how can stoke vol be altered

A

altering strength of contraction of ventricular myocardium

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18
Q

what does increasing strength of contraction of ventricular myocardium result in

A

increased stroke vol

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19
Q

what does decreasing strength of contraction of ventricular myocardium result in

A

decreased stroke vol

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20
Q

what is required to speed up heart rate

A
  1. sympathetic stimulation increases

2. parasympathetic stimulation decreases

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21
Q

what is required to slow down heart rate

A
  1. parasympathetic stimulation increases

2. sympathetic stimulation decreases

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22
Q

how does increased sympathetic stimulation increase heart rate

A
  1. increase release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla
  2. increase activity of SA node
  3. increased heart rate
  4. increased CO
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23
Q

how does increased parasympathetic stimulation increase heart rate

A
  1. decreased activity of SA node
  2. decreased heart rate
  3. decreased CO
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24
Q

what kind of factors are parasympathetic and sympathetic activity

A

extrinsic

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25
what does increased sympathetic activity look like on slow AP graph
increase slope of pacemaker potential
26
what does increased parasympathetic activity look like on slow AP graph
decrease slope of pacemaker potential
27
how is faster rise to threshold achieved
- increase F type channel permeability (allows Na to enter cell) - increase T type channel permeability (allows Ca to enter cell)
28
how is slower rise to threshold achieved
- decrease F type channel permeability - decrease T type channel permeability - increase K channel permeability
29
what does increasing K channel permeability to achieve slower rise to threshold allow
pacemaker potential to start at more neg value
30
STROKE VOL what 3 factors affect SV
1. end diastolic vol (pre load) 2. contractility of ventricular myocardium 3. afterload
31
what kind of mechanism is EDV
intrinsic
32
what is pre load
amount of ventricular filling by end of diastole
33
what happens when pre load / EDV increased
1. ventricles contract more forcefully 2. increased stroke vol 3. increased CO
34
how can preload / EDV be increased
increase venous return to atria
35
what division of ANS is able to increase venous return to atria
sympathetic NS
36
how does sympathetic NS cause increase in venous return to atria
stimulare veno constriction
37
what does FS mechanism define
relationship bw EDV and SV
38
what is sarcomere length dependent on
amount of diastolic filling
39
what does initial length of sarcomere depend on
preload / EDV
40
what causes ventricles to contract more forcefully when preload / EDV increased
1. sarcomeres stretch 2. tension during contraction increases 3. ventricles contract more forcefully
41
what kind of curve is FC mech
length- tension curve
42
what is function of FS mech
ensure ventricles pump same amount of blood
43
what is contractility
strength of contraction
44
how is myocardial contractility increased
increase sympathetic stimulation
45
what does increased contractility result in
1. increased SV | 2. increased CO
46
how does increased sympathetic stimulation increase myocardial contractility
1. NA acts on beta adrenergic receptors | 2. A acts on beta adrenergic receptors
47
what division of ANS has no effect on SV (ventricular myocardium)
parasympathetic
48
how does increased contractility result in increased SV
- more complete ejection of blood | - increased ejection fraction
49
how does force generated during contraction vs time graph differ for control and when stimulated by sympathetic NS
1. greater max force developed during contraction 2. increased slope of rising phase 3. increased slope of falling phase
50
what does greater max force developed during contraction indicate
greater force of ventricular contraction
51
what does increased slope of rising phase indicate
faster contraction
52
what does increased slop of falling phase indicate
faster relation
53
what is after load
- tension against which ventricles contract | - arterial pressure
54
what does greater after load mean
1. greater time spent in isovolumetric contraction 2. less time spend in ventricular ejection 3. smaller SV
55
what do walls of arteries contain
1. smooth muscle 2. elastic fibres 3. CT
56
what is function of smooth muscle
change diameter of arteries
57
what is the function of elastic fibres
change diameter of arteries passively in response to changes in bp
58
what happens when bp increases
elastic fibres cause artery to stretch
59
what happens when bp decreases
elastic fibres cause artery to recoil
60
what happens when smooth muscle contracts
- decrease diameter (vasoconstriction)
61
what happens when smooth muscle relaxes
- increase diameter (vasodilation)
62
what are elastic arteries
contain many elastic fibres contain little smooth muscle
63
when do elastic fibres expand
ventricular systole (pressure increases)
64
when do elastic fibres recoil
ventricular diastole (pressure decreases)
65
what are muscular arteries
-contain fewer elastic fibres contain lots of smooth muscle
66
what is the function of muscular arteries
distribute blood throughout body
67
what is the function of arterioles
- determine mean arteriole pressure / bp

PHYSL 212 (22 decks)

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