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PHYSL 212 > HEARING > Flashcards

HEARING Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

ANATOMY EXTERNAL EAR what is pinna

A

flappy bit of skin on head

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2
Q

ANATOMY EXTERNAL EAR what are concha

A

folds in ear

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3
Q

ANATOMY EXTERNAL EAR what is external auditory meatus

A

ear canal

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4
Q

ANATOMY EXTERNAL EAR where does ear canal lead to

A

tympanic mem

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5
Q

ANATOMY MIDDLE EAR what is middle ear filled with

A

air

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6
Q

ANATOMY MIDDLE EAR what is tympanic mem

A

ear drum separating middle ear from external ear

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7
Q

ANATOMY MIDDLE EAR what are 3 ear ossicles

A
  1. malleus
  2. incus
  3. stapes
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8
Q

ANATOMY MIDDLE EAR what does stapes press against

A

oval window

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9
Q

ANATOMY MIDDLE EAR what 2 muscles attach to ossicles from wall of inner ear

A
  1. tensor tympani and 2. stapedius
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10
Q

ANATOMY MIDDLE EAR what is the function off eustachian tube

A

balance out pressure on other side of tympanic mem

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11
Q

what is in inner ear

A
  1. cochlea for heating

2. semicircular canal

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12
Q

FUNCTIONS EXTERNAL EAR why is tympanic mem moved away from surface

A

protection

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13
Q

FUNCTIONS EXTERNAL EAR what is the function of pinna

A

funnel sound into external auditory meatus

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14
Q

FUNCTIONS EXTERNAL EAR what is the function of concha

A

enhance high freq sound from elevated source better than from horizontal source

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15
Q

FUNCTIONS EXTERNAL EAR what is the function of external auditory meatus

A

1, gather sound en

2. focus sound en onto tympanic mem

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16
Q

FUNCTIONS EXTERNAL EAR what happens when sound energy gets funnelled (large diameter to small diameter)

A

increase sound en

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17
Q

FUNCTIONS MIDDLE EAR what is the function of middle ear

A
  • impedance matching

- converting pressure waves in air to pressure waved in fluid

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18
Q

FUNCTIONS MIDDLE EAR what is impedance of air

A

low (resistance for sound-waves to travel through)

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19
Q

FUNCTIONS MIDDLE EAR what is impedance of fluid

A

high (resistance for sound-waves to travel through)

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20
Q

FUNCTIONS MIDDLE EAR what would happen without inner ear

A

sound waves would bounce off due to impedance of fluid

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21
Q

FUNCTIONS MIDDLE EAR how do ossicles boost sound en

A
  1. differential diameter from tympanic mem to oval window

2. lever action

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22
Q

FUNCTIONS MIDDLE EAR what is the function of tensor tympani and stapedius

A

noise reduction system

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23
Q

FUNCTIONS MIDDLE EAR how does tensor tympani and stapedius reduce noise

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A

muscle contraction dampens vibrations of oscines

24
Q

FUNCTIONS MIDDLE EAR what is noise reduction system designed for

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A

sudden loud noises

25
FUNCTIONS OF INNER EAR what are 3 chambers
1. scala vestibuli 2. scala media 3. scala tympani
26
FUNCTIONS OF INNER EAR what separates scala vestibuli from scala media
reissner's mem
27
FUNCTIONS OF INNER EAR what separates scala media from scala tympani
basilar mem
28
what is scala vestibuli and scala tympani filled w
perilymph
29
FUNCTIONS OF INNER EAR what is cochlear duct filled w
endolymph
30
FUNCTIONS OF INNER EAR what is scala media and scala tympani
1 tube wrapped around scala media
31
FUNCTIONS OF INNER EAR what is basilar mem composed of
fibres - narrow and stiff close to base - broad and flexible close to apex
32
FUNCTIONS OF INNER EAR what do differences in fibres of basil mem allow
detecting high freq and low freq
33
FUNCTIONS OF INNER EAR where does organ or corti rest
basilar mem
34
ORGAN OF CORTI what is tectorial mem
mem that is anchored on one end and floats freel on other
35
ORGAN OF CORTI what kind of cells are inner hair cells
sensory cells
36
ORGAN OF CORTI what is the function of 3 rows of outer hair cells
motor function
37
ORGAN OF CORTI what is the function of stapes
1. push oval window in | 2. generate pressure waves in fluid
38
ORGAN OF CORTI what happens when pressure waves generated
1. wave propagates from base to apex | 2. hair cells brush / shear against tectorial mem
39
ORGAN OF CORTI what do har cells contain
cilia
40
ORGAN OF CORTI how are cilia arranged
shortest to tallest
41
ORGAN OF CORTI when is sound observed
when hair cells move in direction towards tallest cilia
42
ORGAN OF CORTI when is sound not observed
when hair cells move in direction towards smallest cilia
43
ORGAN OF CORTI what does endolymph have high concentration of
K
44
ORGAN OF CORTI what does endolymph have low concentration of
Na
45
ORGAN OF CORTI what is potential of endolymph
pos
46
ORGAN OF CORTI what is potential of hair cells
neg
47
ORGAN OF CORTI what didoes potential diff bw endolymph and hair cells allow
movement of K ions from endolymph to hair cells
48
ORGAN OF CORTI what is the only part of hair cell that sticks into endolymph
cilia
49
ORGAN OF CORTI why do hair cells have neg have change
most of hair cell located in perilymph (neg)
50
ORGAN OF CORTI what happens when shear tilts hair cells towards tallest one
1. K channels open 2. K enters hair cell 3. graded potnetial in hair cells 4. AP propagates to auditory canal 5. AP propagates to auditory cortex in brain
51
ORGAN OF CORTI what happens as sound waves travel from base to apex of basilar mem
1. increase in amplitude | 2. increase in velocity
52
ORGAN OF CORTI what is max displacement of wave determined by
freq of sound
53
ORGAN OF CORTI what is max displacement for high freq wave
near base
54
ORGAN OF CORTI what is max displacement for low freq wave
near apex
55
ORGAN OF CORTI where is round window located
mem of scala tympani
56
ORGAN OF CORTI wha t is the function of round window
- dissipating energy that has not been absorbed (+ causing basilar mem to vibrate) - dissipating energy that has not been processed
57
ORGAN OF CORTI how does round window vibrate
inner to mid

PHYSL 212 (22 decks)

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