Cardiology

Question 1

What is the investigation of choice for diagnosing stable coronary artery disease?

Answer 1

CT coronary angiogram with contrast

Question 2

pansystolic murmur, worse on inspiration suggests…

Answer 2

Tricuspid regurgitation

Question 3

Which gene is mutated in Brugada Syndrome?

Answer 3

SCN5A (myocardial sodium channel)

Question 4

What is a major side effect of Nicorandil?

Answer 4

GI ulceration

Question 5

How long after having a permanent pacemaker can patients drive?

Answer 5

1 week

Question 6

Aschoff bodies are associated with…

Answer 6

Rheumatic fever

Question 7

What anti-thrombotic therapy is needed for a bioprosthetic valve?

Answer 7

Aspirin only

Question 8

What anti-thrombotic therapy is needed for a mechanical valve?

Answer 8

Aspirin and Warfarin

Question 9

What is the mechanism of Ticagrelor?

Answer 9

inhibits ADP binding to platelet receptors

Question 10

What is the most common location of atrial myxoma?

Answer 10

left atrium

Question 11

For how long after an MI can you not drive?

Answer 11

4 weeks

Question 12

What is the pathophysiology of long QT syndrome?

Answer 12

loss-of-function/blockage of K+ channels

Question 13

What is the most specific ECG marker for pericarditis?

Answer 13

PR depression

Question 14

What is the mechanism of amiodarone?

Answer 14

blocks voltage-gated potassium channels

Question 15

What is the INR target for someone with a mechanical mitral valve?

Answer 15

3.5

Question 16

What is the INR target for someone with a mechanical aortic valve?

Answer 16

3.0

Question 17

AVSD is also known as…

Answer 17

endocardial cushion defect

Question 18

Give examples of centrally acting anti-hypertensives.

Answer 18

Methyldopa, clonidine, moxonidine

Question 19

What is the first-line anti-hypertensive in a < 55 yo or T2DM?

Answer 19

ACEI/ARB

Question 20

What is the first-line anti-hypertensive in someone of Afro-Caribean descent?

Answer 20

CCB

Question 21

What is the 4th line step for HTN (treated with ACEI + CCB + thiazide diuretic)?

Answer 21

If K > 4.5, alpha blocker
If K < 4.5, spiro

Question 22

Ejection systolic murmur, worse on expiration suggests…

Answer 22

Aortic stenosis

Question 23

Ejection systolic murmur, worse on inspiration suggests…

Answer 23

Pulmonary stenosis or ASD

Question 24

‘Blowing’ pansystolic murmur suggests…

Answer 24

mitral/tricuspid regurgitation

Question 25

Harsh pansystolic murmur suggests...

Answer 25

VSD

Question 26

Early diastolic 'blowing' murmur suggests...

Answer 26

Aortic regurgitation

Question 27

'Rumbling' mid-late diastolic murmur suggests...

Answer 27

Mitral stenosis

Question 28

Which murmurs are best heard on inspiration?

Answer 28

Right-sided

Question 29

Which murmurs are best heard on expiration?

Answer 29

Left-sided

Question 30

What is the mechanism of fondaparinaux?

Answer 30

Activates AT III

Question 31

Persistent ST elevation following recent MI, no chest pain suggests...

Answer 31

Left ventricular aneurysm

Question 32

Which patients with aortic stenosis may require valve replacement?

Answer 32

Symptomatic or gradient > 40 mmHg

Question 33

What is the first-line management of pericarditis?

Answer 33

NSAIDs and colchicine

Question 34

What is meant by a bisferiens pulse?

Answer 34

Double pulse

Question 35

What is the most common cause of Bisferiens pulse?

Answer 35

Mixed aortic valve disease

Question 36

What is meant by Quincke's sign?

Answer 36

Nailbed pulsation

Question 37

Quincke's sign suggests...

Answer 37

Aortic regurgitation

Question 38

What is meant by type A aortic dissection?

Answer 38

Affects ascending aorta

Question 39

What is meant by type B aortic dissection?

Answer 39

Affects descending aorta

Question 40

How are type A aortic dissections managed?

Answer 40

IV anti-hypertensive + surgery

Question 41

How are type B aortic dissections managed?

Answer 41

IV anti-hypertensive

Question 42

How long following angioplasty can a patient drive?

Answer 42

1 weekWha

Question 43

What is the mechanism of Tirofiban?

Answer 43

Glycoprotein inhibitor

Question 44

Which class of anti-diabetic medication may worsen heart failure?

Answer 44

Glitazones

Question 45

Verapamil should never be taken with...

Answer 45

Beta blockers

Question 46

What is the mechanism of dipyridamole?

Answer 46

PDE inhibitor

Question 47

What is the MOA of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 47

Inhibition of Na reabsorption at DCT by inhibiting Na/Cl pump

Question 48

What is the MOA of loop diuretics?

Answer 48

bind the NKCC2 symporter in distal loop of Henle preventing sodium, potassium, and chloride reabsorption