Pharmacology

Question 1

When should phenytoin monitoring levels be taken?

Answer 1

trough (immediately before dose)

Question 2

What is the mechanism of carbimazole?

Answer 2

blocks thyroid peroxidase from coupling and iodinating the tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin

Question 3

What is the mechanism of fomepizole?

Answer 3

Competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenaseW

Question 4

What is the most common side effect of Varenicline?

Answer 4

Nausea

Question 5

What is the mechanism of abciximab?

Answer 5

glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist

Question 6

What is meant by first-pass metabolism?

Answer 6

concentration of a drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation due to hepatic metabolism

Question 7

What is meant by zero order drug kinetics?

Answer 7

metabolic pathways becoming saturated resulting in a constant amount of drug being eliminated per unit time

Question 8

Give examples of drugs which exhibit zero order kinetics.

Answer 8

phenytoin
salicylates (e.g. high-dose aspirin)
heparin
ethanol

Question 9

What is the mechanism of dobutamine?

Answer 9

Beta-1 agonist

Question 10

What are the poor prognostic markers for liver failure following paracetamol ingestion?

Answer 10

Arterial pH < 7.3, 24 hours after ingestion

or all of:
prothrombin time > 100 seconds
creatinine > 300 µmol/l
grade III or IV encephalopathy