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Cardiology Flashcards

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0
Q

X-ray: cardiomegaly + ⬆️ Qp

A 
ASD
VSD
Endocardial cushion defect
PDA
Coartation of aorta
Truncus arteriosus 
TAPVR 
Transposition of great arteries
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1
Q

Single S2 sound

A

Tetralogy of fallot
Transposition of great arteries
Truncus arteriosum

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2
Q

X-ray: cardiomegaly + ⬇️Qp

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Ebstein anomaly
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tricuspid atresia

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3
Q

Modified Blalock Taussig sx

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (palliative)

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4
Q

Egg on a string silhouette

A

Transposition of great arteries

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5
Q

Snowman silhouette

A

TAPVR

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6
Q

Boot shaped heart + dark lung fields

A

Tetralogy of fallot

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7
Q

Systolic ejection murmur in pulmonary focus + fixed split of S2

A

ASD

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8
Q

RBBB + Right axis deviation

A

ASD

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9
Q

Surgery in ASD

A

Qp/Qs > 1.5

Pulmonary HTN

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10
Q

Left parasternal murmur + LVH

A

VSD

Tricuspid atresia

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11
Q

VSD surgical treatment in the first year

A

Symptomatic
Qp/Qs > 2.1
PP > 50 mm Hg
Decreased EF

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12
Q

Hyperdynamic precordium

A

Endocardial cushion defect

Truncus arteriosus

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13
Q

Systolic ejection murmur in pulmonary focus + diastolic murmur in mitral and tricuspid valves + systolic regurgitant murmur in mitral and tricuspid valves

A

Endocardial cushion defect

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14
Q

Biventricular hypertrophy

A

Endocardial cushion defect
Coartation of aorta (preductal)
Truncus arteriosus

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15
Q

Endocardial cushion defect treatment

A

Manage heart failure and surgery before 1 year old

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16
Q

Bounding pulses and ⬆️ pulse pressure

A

PDA
Aortic insufficiency
Truncus arteriosus

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17
Q

LVH in congenital heart diseases

A 
PDA
VSD
Aortic stenosis
Coartation of aorta 
Tricuspid atresia
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18
Q

Left anterior fascicular block in congenital heart diseases

A

Ostium primum ASD

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19
Q

William syndrome

A

Aortic stenosis (supravalvular)
Elf fascies
Mental retardation

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20
Q

Systolic click + systolic ejection murmur in aortic focus + paradoxical split of S2

A

Aortic stenosis

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21
Q

Decreased pulses and decreased pulse pressure in congenital heart diseases

A

Aortic stenosis

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22
Q

Treatment of aortic stenosis in children

A

Balloon valvuloplasty in all children.

Adults: Ross procedure

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23
Q

Cardiopathy associated with Noonan or Alagille syndrome

A

Pulmonic stenosis

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24
Systolic ejection murmur in pulmonary focus + wide split of S2
Pulmonary stenosis
25
Treatment of pulmonary stenosis
Balloon valvuloplasty
26
Severe aortic coartation type
Preductal (infantile form)
27
Treatment of coartation of aorta (symptomatic or
Adult: treat HTN and heart failure then surgery Kids: PG E1 and surgery ASAP Crafoord procedure
28
Treatment of coartation of aorta
Adult: treat HTN and heart failure then surgery Kids: PG E1 and surgery ASAP
29
RBBB + ⬆️ p wave, ⬆️pr in congenital heart disease
Ebstein anomaly
30
Systolic regurgitant murmur at tricuspid focus and all precordium
Ebstein anomaly
31
Treatment of Ebstein anomaly
PG E1 Valvuloplasty, resection of abnormal bundles Systemic to pulmonary shunt Fontan fistula
32
Systolic eject murmur at pulmonic area + single S2 + left sternal systolic murmur
Tetralogy of fallot
33
Treatment of Tetralogy of Fallot
PG E1 Surgery: valvuloplasty + septal patching (4-12 months) + infundibular muscle resection Blalock Taussig momentarily depending on pulmonary artery
34
Palliative surgery for Tetralogy of Fallot
Modified Blalock Taussig surgery (S->P shunt)
35
Treatment of tricuspid atresia
``` PG E1 Atrial ballon septoplasty (Rashkind) Later: surgical correction: 1º Blalock Taussig (1° month) 2º Gleen fistula (6° month) 3º Fontan surgery (3 - 4 years) ```
36
Cyanosis + ⬇️ Qp + LVH
Tricuspid atresia
37
Cyanosis + ⬇️ Qp + RVH
Tetralogy of Fallot
38
Most common cyanotic congenital heart disease
Transposition of great arteries
39
Treatment of transposition of great arteries
PG E1. Ballon atrial septostomy of Rashkind Surgery in first 2 weeks (arterial switch Jatene) Auricular switch of Mustard Big VSD: Blalock Taussig --> Rastelli procedure
40
Truncus arteriosus is associated with
``` Conotruncal anomalies Abnormal fascies Thymic aplasia Cleft palate Hypoparathyroidism 22 chromosome ```
41
Diastolic regurgitant murmur at aortic and pulmonic focus + single S2
Truncus arteriosus
42
Treatment of truncus arteriosus
Treat heart failure and surgery in the first few weeks | VSD closure + valvular tube to pulmonary artery from right ventricle
43
Right atrial enlargement + RVH + cyanosis
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
44
Treatment of TAPVR
PG E1 | Surgery: closure of ASD + recannalization
45
Tetralogy of Fallot is at risk of
Polycythemia --> cerebral thrombosis, brain abscesses
46
Ostium primun is associated with:
Mitral insufficiency LVH and L. Axis deviation
47
Norwood procedure (hypoplastic left heart syndrome)
1. Ductus closure + ASD enlargement + pulmonary to aortic anastomosis + right and left pulmonary arteries to right ventricle anastomosis (restrictive duct) 2. Glenn fistula 3. Fontan fistula
48
Norwood procedure
1. Ductus closure + ASD enlargement + pulmonary to aortic anastomosis + right and left pulmonary arteries to right ventricle anastomosis (restrictive duct) 2. Glenn fistula 3. Fontan fistula
49
Amplatzer occlusor
Atrial septal defect
50
Perimembranous VSD associated with
Aortic insufficiency
51
Treatment of VSD in first year of life
``` ACE inhibitors while waiting for spontaneous closure Surgical correction in: Qp/Qs > 1.5 - 2.0 Symptomatic FTT Pulmonary HTN Decreased LV EF ```
52
Palliative surgery for VSD
Pulmonary artery banding
53
Aortic to right heart acyanotic congenital heart diseases
Rupture of aortic vasalva sinus aneurysm Coronary Arteriovenous fistula Left coronary artery origin from pulmonary artery
54
Gibson murmur
PDA
55
PDA at risk of
Infectious endarteritis
56
Mist common type of coartation of aorta
Postductal (adult form)
57
Crafoord procedure
Resection of aorta and terminal terminal anastomosis
58
When to treat coartation of aorta
Newborns: symptomatic (severe) | Kids and adults
59
Rastelli procedure
Transposition of great arteries plus big VSD: | VSD correction with connection with Aorta + valvular tube connection of pulmonary artery with right ventricle
60
RVH + right axis deviation in congenital heart diseases
Tetralogy of Fallot ASD Hypoplastic left heart syndrome TAPVR
61
Tricuspid atresia is associated with:
Pulmonary stenosis
62
Severe cyanosis + left ventricular impulse + systole murmur at left sternal border
Tricuspid atresia
63
Severe cyanosis + single S2 + systolic murmur at left sternal border
Transposition of great arteries | Tetralogy of Fallot (systolic murmur at pulmonic focus)
64
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Any combination of: Mitral atresia, Aortic atresia, LV atresia, ascending aorta atresia. Systemic circulation supplied by RV through ductus.
65
Treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome
``` PG E1 Norwood procedure (three stage): 1° ASD closure + DA closure + Pulmonary artery connection with Aorta + Pulmonary branches connection to the right ventricle with a restrictive tube 2° Gleen fistula 3° Fontan fistula Last: heart transplant ```

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