Cardiology - Kaplan

Question 1

CCBs:

Answer 1

1. Hypotension.
2. Constipation.
3. Peripheral edema.
4. Heart block.

Question 2

Beta blockers:

Answer 2

1. Hypotension.
2. Bronchospasm.
3. Depression.
4. Erectile dysfunction.
5. Worsening of dyslipidemia.

Question 3

Digoxin:

Answer 3

1. Dysrhythmia.
2. Hyperkalemia.
3. Confusion.
4. Diarrhea.
5. Visual changes.

Question 4

Diltiazem + Verapamil may cause:

Answer 4

AV block.

Question 5

Nifedipine may cause:

Answer 5

Tachycardia.

Question 6

Spironolactone:

Answer 6

1. Gynecomastia.

2. Hyperkalemia.

Question 7

Propranolol:

Answer 7

1. Bronchospasm.
2. Depression.
3. Bradycardia.
4. Hypotension.
5. Erectile dysfunction.
6. Hyperkalemia (!) –> Inhibits K/Na ATPase.
7. Side effects on GLUCOSE + PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE.

Question 8

Adenosine:

Answer 8

1. Transient asystole - Lasts less than 5 seconds.

2. Bolus can precipitate bronchospasm.

Question 9

Aspirin:

Answer 9

1. MC is bleeding.
2. Peptic ulcers.
3. Asthma.
4. Renal insufficiency.
5. Rash.

Question 10

Aspirin in toxic amounts:

Answer 10

1. Metabolic acidosis.
2. Tinnitus.
3. Encephalopathy.
4. Renal insufficiency.
5. Increased anion gap.

Question 11

Dipyridamole:

Answer 11

1. Dizziness.
2. Headache.
3. GI bleeding.

Question 12

Thienopyridines (Clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticlopidine):

Answer 12

1. MC is bleeding.

2. Ticlopidine –> NEUTROPENIA + TTP.

Question 13

Cilostazol:

Answer 13

1. Edema.
2. Dizziness.
3. Vertigo.
4. Most serious –> Worsening of CHF.

Question 14

ARBs:

Answer 14

1. Hypotension.

2. Hyperkalemia.

Question 15

GpIIb/IIIa (Abciximab, tirofiban, eptifibatide):

Answer 15

1. Bleeding.
2. Thrombocytopenia.
3. Coronary artery dissection.

Question 16

Digoxin:

Answer 16

1. Nausea.
2. Vomiting.
3. Arrhythmias.
4. Confusion.
5. Hyperkalemias.
6. Visual disturbances.

Question 17

Amiodarone:

Answer 17

1. Hyperthyroidism.
2. Hypothyroidism.
3. Pulmonary fibrosis.
4. Non-sight-threatening CORNEAL deposits.

Question 18

Statin:

Answer 18

1. MC is HEPATOTOXICITY - LFTs should be checked after several WEEKS of therapy.
2. Rhabdomyolysis/Myositis (not as common) - CPK monitoring NOT essential.

Question 19

Cholestyramine:

Answer 19

1. Bloating.
2. Abdominal pain.
3. Flatus.

Question 20

Mg sulfate:

Answer 20

1. Muscular weakness.
2. Loss of reflexes.
3. Diarrhea - Promoting bowel evacuation through osmotic retention of fluid.
4. Respiratory paralysis - In severe toxicity.

Question 21

ACEIs:

Answer 21

1. Dry cough.
2. Angioedema.
3. Hyperkalemia.