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A&P > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Functions of the cardiovascular system

A

Transport
Protection
Regulation

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2
Q

Composition of blood

A

55% plasma
1% Buffy coat
45% erythrocytes

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3
Q

Blood plasma proteins

A

Fibrinogen
Albumin
Globulins

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4
Q

Blood non proteins

A

Water 92%
Electrolytes
Glucose
Waste
Hormones
Dissolved gas

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5
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Sticky
Helps clot

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6
Q

Albumin

A

Most abundant
Influences blood pressure and flow
Transports blood solutes
Maintains ph

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7
Q

Globulins

A

Alpha & Beta- transport
Gamma- antibodies

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8
Q

Erythrocyte (red blood cells) form

A

Concave and discoid
No dna, mitochondria, or nucleus
Most abundant formed element

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9
Q

Erythrocytes function

A

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

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10
Q

Hemoglobin

A

4 protein chains of globin
- each carries a CO2 molecule
4 heme groups
- each carries an oxygen molecule

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11
Q

Erythrocyte life cycle

A

120 days
Broken down by liver and spleen

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12
Q

Leukocytes (white blood cells)

A

Least abundant
Immunity

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13
Q

Types of leukocytes

A

Granulocytes
Arganulocytes

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14
Q

Three types of granulocytes

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

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15
Q

Neutrophils (granulocytes)

A

Most abundant
Fight bacteria

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16
Q

Eosinophils (granulocytes)

A

Seasonal
Fight allergens parasites and worms

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17
Q

Basophils (granulocytes)

A

Rarest
Release histamine
Release anti clogging molecule
Help heal damaged tissue

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18
Q

Types of argranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes
Monocytes

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19
Q

Lymphocytes (argranulocytes)

A

Smallest and most abundant
Destroy cancer cells, foreign cells, and viruses
Immune memory
Secrete antibodies
Coordination

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20
Q

Monocytes (argranulocytes)

A

Largest WBC
Pathogens and debris

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21
Q

Platelets (thrombocytes)

A

No nucleus
Small
Primary function- hemostasis

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22
Q

Three layers of blood vessels

A

Tunica interns
Tunica media
Tunica externa

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23
Q

Tunica interna

A

Simple squamous endothelium
Semi-permeable

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24
Q

Tunica media

A

Smooth muscle
Vasodilation/constriction
Thickest layer

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25
Tunica externa
Loose connective tissue Protection and anchors to surrounding tissue
26
Types of blood vessels
Arteries Capillaries Veins
27
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart - conducting - distributing - arterioles
28
Conducting arteries
Largest Ex. Aorta and pulmonary trunk
29
Distributing arteries
Middle size Ex. Circumflex artery and left pulmonary artery
30
Arterioles
Smallest Supply local regions
31
Capillaries
Smallest blood vessels Form bed btw arterioles and venules Highly permeable Only tunica interna (endothelium)
32
Veins
Carry blood to the heart - venules - Medium veins - large veins
33
Venules
Smallest Drain blood from capillary bed Start journey back to heart
34
Medium veins
Form when venules merge Some contain valves
35
Large veins
Form when medium veins merge Ex. Inferior vena cava and pulmonary veins
36
Mechanisms of venous return
Pressure gradient- created by heart Gravity Skeletal muscle pump
37
Blood pressure
Force exerted by the blood on the inner walls of the vessels Higher in arteries, lower in veins
38
Systolic pressure
When the heart contracts Highest pressure
39
Diastolic pressure
When the heart rests Lowest pressure
40
Cardiovascular divisions
Pulmonary Systemic
41
Pulmonary
The route blood take from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back
42
Systemic
The route blood takes from the left side of the heart to the tissues of the body and back to the right side of the heart
43
Pericardium
Heart covering Three layers - parietal - visceral - pericardial cavity
44
Parietal pericardium
Outer layer
45
Visceral pericardium
Inner layer
46
Pericardial cavity
Space btw parietal and visceral pericardium Filled with fluid
47
Heart wall layers
Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium
48
Epicardium
Outer layer of the heart Thin Made of epithelium and Areolar tissue
49
Myocardium
Middle layer Thick Made of cardiac muscle Does the contracting
50
Endocardium
Inner layer Similar to epicardium Lines heart chambers
51
Chambers
Atria Ventricles
52
Atria
Upper chambers Separated by interatrial septum
53
Right atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood and delivers it to the right ventricle
54
Left atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and delivers it to the left ventricle
55
Ventricles
Lower chambers Separates by the interventricular septum
56
Right ventricle
Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atria and sends it to the lungs
57
Left ventricle
Receives oxygenated blood from the left atria and sends it to the body
58
Heart valves
Four 2 Atrioventricular 2 Semilunar
59
Atrioventricular valves
Btw atria and ventricles Tendons cords prevent relapse of the cord
60
Semilunar valves
Btw ventricles and exciting blood vessels
61
Cardiac muscle cells (Cardiocytes)
Intercalated disks Abundant mitochondria Contain actin & myosin Striated, involuntary, branched
62
The conduction system
Specialized cardiocytes that can generate electrical signals on their own
63
Sinoatrial node (SA) “Pacemaker”
Upper right corner of the right atrium Initiate the action potential for the stimulation of the other cardiocytes
64
Atrioventricular node (AV)
Lower left of the right atrium Responds to signal from SA node Sends signal toward the ventricles
65
Atrioventricular bundle and branches
Nerve like collection Comes off of the AV node and moves into interventricular septum Signal is delayed to allow blood filling
66
Purkinje fibers
Off of the atrioventricular branches and extend up the walls of the ventricles Finally distribute the delayed AB nodes signal
67
Electrocariogram
Graphs the activity of the heart
68
P wave
When the SA node sends a signal throughout the atria causing them to polarize and contract
69
QRS wave
When the AV node sends a signal throughout the ventricles causing them to polarize and contract Depolarization of the atria
70
T wave
Depolarization and relaxation of the ventricles

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