Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Types of bone marrow

A

Red
Yellow

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2
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Produces red blood cells
Kids bone marrow is all red blood cells

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3
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Fatty
Used for storage

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4
Q

Skeletal system functions

A

1 support
2 protection
3 movement
4 electrolyte balance
5 acid base balance
6 blood formation

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5
Q

Bone tissue composition

A

1/3 organic collagen
2/3 inorganic hydroxyapatite

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6
Q

Osseous

A

Bone

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7
Q

Types of bone cells

A

Osteogenic cells
Osteoblast
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

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8
Q

Osteogenic cells

A

Stem cells
Found in endosteum
Mitotic

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9
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Form from Osteogenic
Non mitotic
Bone forming (use calcium from blood)

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10
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature osteoblasts
Become trapped in the matrix and maintain homeostasis

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11
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Fusion of 4 stem cells
Release hydrochloric acid to dissolve matrix
Put calcium back in blood
Found in bone surface
Have ruffled borders

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12
Q

Types of bone

A

Spongy
Compact

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13
Q

Compact bone

A

Strong/weight bearing
Made of osteons

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14
Q

Osteons

A

Central canal
Perforating canals
Lamellae
Lacunae
Canaliculi

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15
Q

Central canal

A

Contains blood vessels and nerves

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16
Q

Perforating canals

A

Contain blood vessels and nerves
Run perpendicular to and feed into central canal

17
Q

Lamellae

A

Rings of matrix around central canal

18
Q

Lacunae

A

Tiny cavities on the edge of Lamellae that contain osteocytes

19
Q

Canaliculi

A

Off of the lacunae
Slender channels that branch off and allow communication

20
Q

Spongy bone

A

Develops along stress lines
Lattice of rods spines and projections

21
Q

Bone shapes

A

Flat
Long
Short
Irregular

22
Q

Flat bone

A

Enclose and protect
Broad surfaces for muscle attachment
Ex. Cranial, ribs, scapula, sternum

23
Q

Long bones

A

Levers
Movement, blood production, storage
Ex. Arms, legs, phalanges, metacarpals, metatarsals

24
Q

Short bones

A

Limited motion
Bend in multiple directions
Ex. Tarsals and carpals

25
Irregular bones
Vertebrae and sphenoid
26
Ossification
Intramembranous Endochondral
27
Intramembranous ossification
Produces flat bones Develop in fibrous sheet Within a membrane
28
Endochondral ossification
Produces long bones and most others Develops off a cartilage model
29
Parts of a long bone
Diaphysis Epiphyses Medullary cavity Articular cartilage Periosteum Endosteum Epiphyseal plate
30
Diaphysis
Shaft (middle) Hollow Forms walls of medullary cavity
31
Epiphyses
End of bone
32
Medullary cavity
Where bone marrow is
33
Articular cartilage
Made of hyaline Covers epiphyses
34
Periosteum
A layer that covers the bone Provides strength Important for growth and healing Anchor for tendons and muscles Outer layer- thin collagen Inner layer- bone forming
35
Endosteum
Reticular connective tissue lines medullary cavity
36
Epiphyseal plate
Connection btw diaphysis and epiphysis Made of hyaline and replaced with bone as we age