Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

(74 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Parts of the nervous system

A

Sensory (afferent)
Central
Motor (efferent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Component of the CNS

A

Brain
Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Components of the peripheral nervous system

A

Sensory
Motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Components of the sensory nervous system

A

Visceral
Somatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Components of the motor nervous system

A

Visceral
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
Somatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Somatic motor nervous system

A

Carries info to the skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Visceral motor nervous system
(Autonomic)

A

Carries info to smooth and cardiac muscles and glands
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Fight or flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Rest and digest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Spinal cord functions

A

Conduction
Locomotion
Reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Conduction

A

The spinal cord contains bundles of nerve fibers called tracts that carry info up and down the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Locomotion

A

The spinal cord contains groups of neurons that control output to flexor and extensor muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Reflexes

A

The spinal cord regulates autonomic involuntary response for posture, movement, and protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Spinal cord regions

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Spinal cord enlargements

A

Cervical (c5-7)- start of the upper limb nerve branches
Lumbar (l1-2)- start of lower limb nerve branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Causa equina

A

Bundle of spinal nerves that arise from the medullary cone and innervate lower limbs

Contains lumbar nerves 2-5, all the sacral nerves, and coccygeal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves does the spinal cord have?

A

31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Meninges

A

Protective fibrous covering around the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Meninges layers

A

Dura mater- physical protection
Arachnoid mater- space w/cervical fluid
Pia mater- innermost layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nervous tissue

A

White matter
Grey matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Grey matter

A

Central tissue
Un-myelinated
Contains synapses
Surrounds central canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

White matter

A

Outer tissue
Myelinated bundles of neurons (tracts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Mixed nerves (sensory & motor)
Each nerve is connected to the spinal cord by two roots
- anterior root contains motor axons
-posterior root contains sensory axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

31 pairs of spinal nerves breakdown

A

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Brain ventricles
4 chambers filled with CSF
26
CSF
Cerebral spinal fluid is a clear fluid derived from plasma
27
CSF functions
Buoyancy Prevents collision Provides chemical stability
28
Brain regions
Brain stem Cerebellum Diencephalon Cerebrum
29
Brain stem
Attaches to the spinal cord Three regions 1. Mid-brain 2. Pons 3. Medulla
30
Mid-brain
Relay station btw higher brain regions and the brainstem
31
Pons
Respiration Sleep Posture
32
Medulla oblongata
Heart rate Blood pressure Breathing rate
33
Diencephalon
Thalamus Hypothalamus
34
Thalamus
Directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum
35
Hypothalamus
Link btw nervous and endocrine systems Thermoregulation Hunger/thirst Sleep
36
Cerebrum
Largest and most complex Contains -landmarks - hemispheres - cerebrum cortex
37
Landmarks
Gyri- ridges and folds Sulci- valleys and narrow grooves Fissures- deep grooves
38
Hemispheres
Connected by corpus callosum
39
Cerebral cortex
Densely packed grey matter in the surface of the cerebral lobes
40
Lobes
Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Insula
41
Frontal
Voluntary movements
42
Parietal lobe
Receiving and interpreting signals from general senses
43
Occipital
Vision
44
Temporal lobe
Hearing and smell
45
Insula
Understanding spoken language and taste
46
Cell classes
Neurons Neuroglia
47
Neuron properties
Excitability Conductivity Secretion
48
Neuron classes
Sensory neurons Interneurons Motor neurons
49
Motor neuron structure
Dendrites Soma Axon
50
Axon components
Axon hillock Terminal arborization Synaptic knob
51
Axon associated structures
Schwann cell - Myelin sheath - Neurolemma Node of Ranvier
52
Schwann cell
Type of neuroglia cell that supports electrical transmission down the axon
53
Myelin sheath
Inner layer of the Schwann cell - insulates and speed electrical signal
54
Neurolemma
Outer layer of the Schwann cell - helps damaged axons heal
55
Nodes of ranvier
Gaps between myelin
56
Types of Neuroglia
Oligodendrocytes Ependymal Microglia Astrocytes Schwann cell Satellite cell
57
Oligodendrocytes
CNS Provide myelin sheath
58
Ependymal cell
CNS Produce CSF
59
Microglia
Macrophages that move throughout CNS
60
Astrocytes
CNS Most abundant Support neuron framework Monitor neuron health Stimulate brain capillaries
61
Schwann cells
In PNS
62
Satellite cells
Around somas in CNS Supportive role
63
Electrical potential
Difference btw the concentration of charged particles btw one point and another
64
Electrical current
Movement of charged particles from one point to another
65
Sodium potassium pump
Create electrical potential Sodium out/potassium in ECF+/ICF-
66
Resting membrane potential
Actual value of electrical potential of the plasma membrane when at rest
67
ICF resting membrane potential
-70 mV (Polarized)
68
Depolarization
State of the plasma membrane when there is a positive shift in voltage
69
Local potential
A short range change in voltage along the plasma membrane Graded, decremental, reversible
70
Synapses
Region where a neuron carries info to a target cell
71
Components of the a synapse
Pre-synaptic structure Synaptic cleft Post-synaptic structure
72
Action potential
Dramatic change in the state of plasma membrane Can occur at axon hillock and along the axon length Full strength or not at all Nondecremental Irreversible
73
Unmyelinated neurons
Starting in axon hillock and ending in the synaptic knob an action potential triggers a neighboring region of the plasma membrane
74
Myelinated neurons (Saltatory conduction)
Sodium ions diffuse through the ICF to the next node bringing the electrical signal with them internally - signal gets weaker as it goes - new action potential occurs at nodes of ranvier

A&P (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions