Endocrine Flashcards

(39 cards)

1
Q

Functions of the endocrine system

A

Regulates internal functions
Responds to stimuli to maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers
- endocrine
- exocrine

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3
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Both nervous tissue and endocrine gland
Controls glands via the pituitary gland which it controls via hormones

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4
Q

Hypothalamus hormones

A

To the posterior pituitary
- oxytocin
- antidiuretic hormone
To the anterior pituitary
- hypothalamic releasing hormone

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5
Q

Function of tropic hormones

A

Hormones that are released by a gland and travel to another gland to stimulate them to release another hormone

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6
Q

Tropic hormones

A

TSH
FSH
LH
ACTH

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7
Q

Glands

A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas

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8
Q

Pituitary gland location

A

Located under and controlled by the hypothalamus
Connected by a stalk called the infundibulum

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9
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones
- stimulated by hormones from the hypothalamus

A

Growth hormone
Prolactin
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Luteinizing Hormone

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10
Q

Posterior Pituitary Hormones
- stimulated by nerve impulses

A

Oxytocin
Antidiuretic Hormone

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11
Q

Growth Hormone (GH)

A

No target cell
Effects all cells
Causes cells to increase in size and number
Higher levels in puberty

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12
Q

Prolactin

A

Affects mammillary glands
Influences milk production
Highest levels after childbirth

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13
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Stimulates the thyroid to release thyroid hormone

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14
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and release cortisol

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15
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Targets sex hormones
Stimulates sperm and egg production

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16
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

Targets sex organs
Stimulates ovulation and testosterone

17
Q

Oxytocin (OT)

A

Targets the uterus
Stimulates contractions for childbirth
Targets mammillary glands
Sperm release and transport
Facilitates emotional bond between mom and infant

18
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A

Targets the collecting duct in the kidney
Affects water re-absorption
Increases blood pressure by adding water o the blood

19
Q

Pancreas

A

Exocrine and endocrine gland
Pancreatic islet cells produce cells

20
Q

Pancreatic hormones

A

Beta cells
Alpha cells

21
Q

Beta cells

A

Produce insulin
Lowers blood glucose levels and stores glucose in cells

22
Q

Alpha cells

A

Produce glucagon
Release glucose into the bloodstream

23
Q

Thyroid gland structure

A

Follicles
Colloid
Parafollicular cells

24
Q

Thyroid follicle hormones

A

Thyroxine (T4)
- four iodine molecules
Triiodothyronine (T3)
- three iodine molecules

25
Thyroid follicle hormone functions
Non specific Increase metabolism Increase body temp & weight Increase cardiac output and respiratory rate Stimulate appetite
26
Colloid
Stores the hormones that the follicle produces Newly like structure in the middle of the follicle sack
27
Thyroid Parafollicular cells
Cells found between the follicles Produce calcitonin
28
Calcitonin
Decreases levels of blood calcium by stimulating osteoblasts Restricts osteoclast activity Mostly active in kids
29
Parathyroid glands
Four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid Release parathyroid hormone in response to low calcium levels
30
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Increases blood calcium levels through the stimulation of osteoclasts
31
Adrenal glands
Paired glands that sit on top of each other
32
Adrenal gland sections
Medulla - inner layer Cortex - outer layer
33
Adrenal cortex zones Outer to inner
Zona glomerulosa Zona fasciculata Zona reticularis
34
Adrenal cortex hormones
Aldosterone (outer zone) Cortisol (middle zone) Androgens (inner zone)
35
Aldosterone
Regulates electrolytes Influences water volume and blood pressure
36
Cortisol
No target tissue Released in response to ACTH under stressful circumstances Regulates metabolism Stimulates glucose production
37
Androgens
Sex steroids Influences sexual behavior Stimulate hair growth Sustains bone mass in adults and bone growth in kids
38
Adrenal medulla hormones
Epinephrine Norepinephrine
39
Adrenal hormones function
Gluconelgenesis: production of new glucose molecules Glycogenlysis: breakdown of glycogen Increase cardiac output Increased ventilation