Endocrine

Question 1

Functions of the endocrine system

Answer 1

Regulates internal functions
Responds to stimuli to maintain homeostasis

Question 2

Hormones

Answer 2

Chemical messengers
- endocrine
- exocrine

Question 3

Hypothalamus

Answer 3

Both nervous tissue and endocrine gland
Controls glands via the pituitary gland which it controls via hormones

Question 4

Hypothalamus hormones

Answer 4

To the posterior pituitary
- oxytocin
- antidiuretic hormone
To the anterior pituitary
- hypothalamic releasing hormone

Question 5

Function of tropic hormones

Answer 5

Hormones that are released by a gland and travel to another gland to stimulate them to release another hormone

Question 6

Tropic hormones

Answer 6

TSH
FSH
LH
ACTH

Question 7

Glands

Answer 7

Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas

Question 8

Pituitary gland location

Answer 8

Located under and controlled by the hypothalamus
Connected by a stalk called the infundibulum

Question 9

Anterior pituitary hormones
- stimulated by hormones from the hypothalamus

Answer 9

Growth hormone
Prolactin
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Luteinizing Hormone

Question 10

Posterior Pituitary Hormones
- stimulated by nerve impulses

Answer 10

Oxytocin
Antidiuretic Hormone

Question 11

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer 11

No target cell
Effects all cells
Causes cells to increase in size and number
Higher levels in puberty

Question 12

Prolactin

Answer 12

Affects mammillary glands
Influences milk production
Highest levels after childbirth

Question 13

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 13

Stimulates the thyroid to release thyroid hormone

Question 14

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Answer 14

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and release cortisol

Question 15

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 15

Targets sex hormones
Stimulates sperm and egg production

Question 16

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 16

Targets sex organs
Stimulates ovulation and testosterone

Question 17

Oxytocin (OT)

Answer 17

Targets the uterus
Stimulates contractions for childbirth
Targets mammillary glands
Sperm release and transport
Facilitates emotional bond between mom and infant

Question 18

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 18

Targets the collecting duct in the kidney
Affects water re-absorption
Increases blood pressure by adding water o the blood

Question 19

Pancreas

Answer 19

Exocrine and endocrine gland
Pancreatic islet cells produce cells

Question 20

Pancreatic hormones

Answer 20

Beta cells
Alpha cells

Question 21

Beta cells

Answer 21

Produce insulin
Lowers blood glucose levels and stores glucose in cells

Question 22

Alpha cells

Answer 22

Produce glucagon
Release glucose into the bloodstream

Question 23

Thyroid gland structure

Answer 23

Follicles
Colloid
Parafollicular cells

Question 24

Thyroid follicle hormones

Answer 24

Thyroxine (T4)
- four iodine molecules
Triiodothyronine (T3)
- three iodine molecules

Question 25

Thyroid follicle hormone functions

Answer 25

Non specific Increase metabolism Increase body temp & weight Increase cardiac output and respiratory rate Stimulate appetite

Question 26

Colloid

Answer 26

Stores the hormones that the follicle produces Newly like structure in the middle of the follicle sack

Question 27

Thyroid Parafollicular cells

Answer 27

Cells found between the follicles Produce calcitonin

Question 28

Calcitonin

Answer 28

Decreases levels of blood calcium by stimulating osteoblasts Restricts osteoclast activity Mostly active in kids

Question 29

Parathyroid glands

Answer 29

Four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid Release parathyroid hormone in response to low calcium levels

Question 30

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 30

Increases blood calcium levels through the stimulation of osteoclasts

Question 31

Adrenal glands

Answer 31

Paired glands that sit on top of each other

Question 32

Adrenal gland sections

Answer 32

Medulla - inner layer Cortex - outer layer

Question 33

Adrenal cortex zones Outer to inner

Answer 33

Zona glomerulosa Zona fasciculata Zona reticularis

Question 34

Adrenal cortex hormones

Answer 34

Aldosterone (outer zone) Cortisol (middle zone) Androgens (inner zone)

Question 35

Aldosterone

Answer 35

Regulates electrolytes Influences water volume and blood pressure

Question 36

Cortisol

Answer 36

No target tissue Released in response to ACTH under stressful circumstances Regulates metabolism Stimulates glucose production

Question 37

Androgens

Answer 37

Sex steroids Influences sexual behavior Stimulate hair growth Sustains bone mass in adults and bone growth in kids

Question 38

Adrenal medulla hormones

Answer 38

Epinephrine Norepinephrine

Question 39

Adrenal hormones function

Answer 39

Gluconelgenesis: production of new glucose molecules Glycogenlysis: breakdown of glycogen Increase cardiac output Increased ventilation