Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

APEA Q-Bank > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

(97 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Which condition is a direct acute cause of HF, leading to Right-sided heart failure ?

A

Pulmonary Embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which congenital heart defect results in right to left shunting and requires emergency surgical intervention for survival

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The primary cause of a cardiogenic shock in a patient with an acute MI is

A

failure of the ventricle to pump blood adequately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which lipoprotein plays a major role in reverse cholesterol transport away from the arteries and back to the liver ?

A

HDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In right heart failure due to right ventricular dysfunction. what does SVP do ?

A

systemic venous pressure increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which of the following is NOT associated with ACS

A

heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the following cardiac rhythms do NOT lead to a decrease in cardiac output

A

NSR (normal sinus rhythm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A pediatric patient with a ventricular septal defect would have which type of murmur

A

Holosystolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which congenital heart defect is known to cause cyanotic episodes precipitated by crying, feeding, or other activities ?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which heart condition includes both a systolic and diastolic timed murmur ?

A

Tricuspid Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the purpose of activation of the sympathetic nervous system, the RAAS, and antidiuretic system in the presence of impaired cardiac pumping and/or filling ?

A

production of arterial vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the following causes reactive hyperemia

A

Raynaud phenomenon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A congenital heart defect that warrants emergency medical and surgical intervention is

A

a cyanotic defect that decreases pulmonary blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which of the following statements accurately describes a Premature Ventricular Contract

A

caused by ventricular ectopic pacemaker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The acute inflammatory response in a myocardial infarction is associated with

A

cytokine activation and vasodilation with decreased perfusion pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In a patient with Patent Ductus Arteriosus, where is the murmur best heard?

A

localized at the left clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which birth defect of the heart is characterized by a hole in the septum that separates the 2 lower chambers

A

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How long after a myocardial infarction can the initial troponin level be detected

A

3 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The formation of an atherosclerotic lesion in the arterial wall is related to high levels of

A

LDLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Diastole

A

is the minimum arterial pressure exerted during relaxation and dilation of the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which of the following conditions may predispose patients to an atypical presentation of myocardial ischemia

A

Diabetes Mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hypertension is NOT caused by changes in

A

vascular relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which of the following is NOT an assessment finding in a patient who is experiencing shock

A

End-organ hyperperfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Increased venous return to the heart leads to

A

increased stroke volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Which one of the following conditions is an acute, febrile, immune-mediated disease characterized by vasculitis leading to coronary artery aneurysm
Kawasaki syndrome
26
An elevation of which laboratory finding is indicative of a myocardial infarction
troponin
27
Aortic stenosis may be identified by
a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur
28
When atrial fibrillation terminates within 7 days of onset, it is classified as
paroxysmal
29
To increase oxygen saturation after exertion, a patient with Tetralogy of Fallot will
squat
30
The bacteria responsible for rheumatic fever is
Group A streptococcus
31
Systemic hypotension is defined as
stroke volume of 32mL/m2
32
The life-threatening cardiac condition caused by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space is
cardiac tamponade
33
Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors contributing to the development of
Coronary Artery Disease
34
A mother states that her young child has been squatting after exertion and is easily fatigued. The NP suspects :
Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)
35
Triglycerides are synthesized by the
liver
36
The amount of pressure that occurs when the ventricles contract
systolic pressure
37
Artherosclerosis in the lower extremities commonly causes
peripheral artery disease
38
Which of the following cardiac rhythms is characterized by P waves that precede each QRS interval
Sinus Bradycardia
39
Elevated troponin levels are present in
NSTEMI
40
The rhythm of the heart is generated by the
SA node
41
The heart sound that is NOT auscultated in a patient with aortic stenosis is
S3 gallop
42
Diastolic heart failure is a result of the impairment in the
left ventricle
43
Which one of the following congenital heart defects does NOT depend on left to right shunting through ducuts arteriosus for pulmonary circulation
aortic stenosis
44
Which congenital heart defect involves abnormal opening between the atria that is expected to close without surgical intervention by 12 months of age
atrial septal defect
45
Which one of the following may be seen in patients with acute coronary syndrome
New onset angina that markedly limits physical activity
46
Patients with acute coronary syndrome typically have plaque erosion, which is characterized by :
hyaluronan and neutrophils
47
Which birth defect of the heart is characterized by a hole in the septum that separates the 2 lower chambers
ventricular septal defect
48
Which heart condition is referred to as "enlarged heart"
ventricular hypertrophy
49
Which of the following congenital heart defect causes increased pulmonary blood flow
atrial septal defect
50
The most common cause of left ventricular hypertrophy is
hypertension
51
Symptoms of mild heart failure include
S3 gallop
52
A birth defect characterized by a hole in the septum that separates the 2 upper chambers of the heart is
atrial septal defect
53
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is described as
cyanotic mixed defects with increased pulmonary blood flow
54
Which of the following cardiac rhythms do not lead to a decrease in cardiac output
normal sinus rhythm
55
Which of the following is true about the normal heart function of an infant
the left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood
56
Which of the following types of angina involves nocturnal symptoms
unstable angina
57
Which of the following is NOT a Virchow's triad risk factor for deep vein thrombosis
peripheral nervous system damage
58
Which of the following produces visible evidence of an underlying problem with reverse venous flow
varicose veins
59
Pediatric patients with Tetralogy of Fallot have episodes of bluish skin during crying and feeding that are called
Tet spells
60
A patient who is in cardiogenic shock will present with
mixed venous oxygen saturation
61
Which of the following is most responsible for the buildup of cholesterol in the arteries, increasing risk of heart disease and stroke
low-density lipoproteins
62
Which of the following assessment findings correlates with dynamic obstruction of the left ventricle
systolic murmur
63
Which one of the following is a clinical syndrome that results from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricles to fill or eject blood
heart failure
64
cardiac preload is defined as the
volume of blood in the atria at the end of diastole
65
which type of angina results from coronary artery vasospasm and occurs in atypical patterns
Prinzmetal's angina
66
the primary function of the heart is
to pump blood through the body via the circulation system
67
the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity is
pericardial effusion
68
A reduced risk of cardiovascular disease has been associated with aggressive control of
low-density lipoproteins
69
Which type of ECG changes may be produced by acute coronary syndrome
ST-elevation
70
Cardiogenic shock in the presence of an acute myocardial infarction typically involves
decrease in stroke volume and decrease in cardiac output
71
Atrial septal defect results from
failure of the tissue to form between the atria
72
In a patient with atrial septal defect, split heart sounds are due to
left-to-right shunting of the blood
73
Which of the following is secreted by the ventricular myocytes and assists in the diagnosis of heart failure
BNP (brain natiuretic peptide)
74
A common cause of diastolic heart failure is
hypertension
75
Artherosclerotic plaques can cause
thrombosis
76
Sick sinus syndrome is described as the
destruction of the SA node and changes in the nerves and ganglia
77
With each heart beat, blood within the left and right ventricle is ejected into the
aorta and pulmonary artery
78
Which peptide hormone causes vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure
angiotensin
79
The systematic disease that occurs secondary to untreated strep throat is
rheumatic fever
80
Which cardiac condition involves thickening of the muscle wall of the right lower chamber of the heart
ventricular hypertrophy
81
which one of the following is NOT present in Tetralogy of Fallot
patent ductus arterosis
82
When alpha receptors are stimulated, what primary physiologic response is expected
blood pressure increases
83
Which of the following is NOT an underlying cause of obstructed coronary artery blood flow by a thrombus
stable angina
84
Patients with acute coronary syndrome may experience chest pain secondary to
oxygen demand
85
Which of the following is not a deficit of Tetralogy of Fallot
an enlargement of the tricuspid valves
86
Unstable angina is characterized by
increasing crescendo angina
87
Which of the following is NOT a true statement about left-sided heart failure
the heart moved blood from high pulmonary pressure to low systematic circulation pressure
88
In a patient with a ventricular septal defect, blood flows
to the right ventricle and into the lungs
89
Which of the following ECG changes is NOT specific to episodes of angina
Premature Ventricular Contractions
90
Which of the following is the cardiac rhythm described as a prolongation of the QT interval
Torsades de pointes
91
The Trendelenburg test is used to assess for
varicose veins
92
Mean arterial pressure is primarily regulated by changes in cardiac output and
systematic vascular resistance
93
A common symptom of a congenital heart defect is
central cyanosis
94
Mortality associated with Kawasaki's syndrome is most likely related to
coronary artery aneurysm
95
A progressive disease of heart muscle that is characterized by ventricular chamber enlargement of contractile dysfunction is
dilated cardiomyopathy
96
A variant angina characterized by transient reduction in the luminal diameter within the coronary artery and consistent with ST-elevation is
Prinzmetal's angina
97

APEA Q-Bank (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions