Respiratory

Question 1

When educating a parent about the nonpharmacologic management of coup, the NP should recommend

Answer 1

use of a cool mist humidifier

Question 2

A 2-year old girl is evaluated for a barking cough. The NP suspects that this cough is a result of

Answer 2

subglottic edema

Question 3

The most common pathogen that causes pneumonia in young adults is

Answer 3

mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 4

An infection of the tracheobronchial tree that causes reversible bronchial inflammation is

Answer 4

bronchitis

Question 5

Croup is characterized by

Answer 5

barking cough

Question 6

Respiratory alkalosis is most commonly caused by

Answer 6

hyperventilation

Question 7

Which statement about respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is true

Answer 7

RSV is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients 65 years and older

Question 8

Atelectasis is defined as

Answer 8

diminished volume in all or a portion of a lung

Question 9

The leading cause of lower respiratory infections in infants and young children is

Answer 9

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Question 10

Inflammation of the bronchioles that results in obstruction of the small airway is

Answer 10

bronchiolitis

Question 11

A highly contagious acute respiratory illness characterized by paroxysmal cough is

Answer 11

pertussis

Question 12

A 14-year old boy reports cough and chest tightness during exercise. He is most likely experiencing

Answer 12

bronchospasms

Question 13

A pediatric patient is being evaluated for complaints of an intense “whooping” cough with posttussive vomiting. Which stage of pertussis is suggested by these symptoms

Answer 13

paroxysmal

Question 14

All patients with altered lung function associated with possible COPD should be assessed for airflow obstruction using

Answer 14

spirometry

Question 15

A lung disease characterized by enlargement of the alveolar ducts and air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles is

Answer 15

emphysema

Question 16

Whooping cough is caused by

Answer 16

bordetella pertussis

Question 17

An 8-year old girl has experienced acute, self-limiting symptoms of nasal congestion and hoarseness for 2 days. The NP assesses the upper respiratory tract mucosa and identifies transillumination of the sinuses. The symptoms are consistent with

Answer 17

the common cold

Question 18

In the US, the leading cause of mortality in infants younger than 1 year is

Answer 18

Sudden Unexplained Infants Death

Question 19

Diagnostic studies to identify cystic fibrosis include a sweat test that measures

Answer 19

chloride

Question 20

The presence of air or gas in the intrapleural cavity is called

Answer 20

pneumothorax

Question 21

A hallmark assessment finding a patient with moderate to severe coup is

Answer 21

stridor

Question 22

Inflammation of the bronchioles and trachea that usually follows an upper respiratory tract infection in adults is

Answer 22

acute bronchitis

Question 23

Which statement about respiratory acidosis is correct

Answer 23

Partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide increases due to rapid production of carbon dioxide and ventilation failure

Question 24

Which one of the following symptoms is common in a patient who has asthma

Answer 24

nonproductive cough

Question 25

A common assessment finding in patients with cystic fibrosis is steatorrhea due to

Answer 25

pancreatic insufficiency

Question 26

The most common cause of croup is

Answer 26

parainfluenza virus

Question 27

Which of the following is true about influenza viruses

Answer 27

Influenza A viruses cause most human infections

Question 28

Mucous production resulting from hyperplasia of the mucous membrane lining the bronchial wall describes

Answer 28

chronic bronchitis

Question 29

Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is transmitted via

Answer 29

respiratory droplets

Question 30

Acute respiratory consequences of pulmonary embolism include

Answer 30

pulmonary infarction

Question 31

An acute hemodynamic consequence of a pulmonary embolism that may cause significant mortality is

Answer 31

right ventricular failure

Question 32

The mechanism that prevents the collapse of alveoli by maintaining surface tension is

Answer 32

surfactant

Question 33

What is the most common virus associated with bronchiolitis

Answer 33

RSV

Question 34

Hemoptysis (coughing up blood) is not typically associated with

Answer 34

chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD)

Question 35

The influenza virus

Answer 35

may be transmitted before onset of symptoms

Question 36

Which of the following statements accurately describes the primary physiologic effect of emphysema ?

Answer 36

Air trapping and loss of elastic recoil in the lungs

Question 37

Annual influenza vaccination is necessary due to

Answer 37

antigenic variation

Question 38

An incentive spirometer is used to determine

Answer 38

peak expiratory flow

Question 39

A child diagnosed with bronchiolitis is at risk for developing

Answer 39

acute otitis media

Question 40

Which factor is NOT included in the Virchow's Triad, which predisposes a patient to pulmonary embolism

Answer 40

pulmonary infarction

Question 41

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of pulmonary edema

Answer 41

a cough that produces pink, frothy sputum

Question 42

Which one of the following cellular elements is NOT involved in the inflammation associated with asthma

Answer 42

monocytes

Question 43

Inspiratory stridor with croup suggests narrowing of the

Answer 43

larynx

Question 44

A finding NOT associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is

Answer 44

regeneration of epithelial cells lining the alveoli

Question 45

A highly contagious, acute febrile viral illness of the respiratory tract is associated with significant morbidity and mortality is

Answer 45

influenza

Question 46

Results from spirometry testing of a 60-year old man indicate an FEV1/FVC<70%, 30% FEVI <80% predicted. Given these results, expected symptoms in this patient would include

Answer 46

productive cough and dyspnea on exertion

Question 47

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a risk factor associated with

Answer 47

asthma

Question 48

Cystic fibrosis is

Answer 48

autosomal recessive (child receives one mutated gene from each parent, parent does not express the disease)

Question 49

The system that tries to compensate for acute respiratory acidosis is

Answer 49

the renal system