Urology

Question 1

In the absence of disease, the glomerular filtration rate at age of 70 years should be approximately:

Answer 1

70 mL/min

Question 2

Which urinalysis finding is highly specific for urinary tract infection?

Answer 2

Nitrites

Question 3

In which of the following patients is pyelonephritis most likely?

Answer 3

A 32-year-old pregnant woman

Question 4

The kidneys help regulate blood pressure by producing angiotensin, which is formed from the enzyme:

Answer 4

Renin

Question 5

The most common cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease who receive dialysis treatment is

Answer 5

Cardiovascular disease

Question 6

Continuous urinary leakage or dribbling in the setting of incomplete bladder emptying is referred to as:

Answer 6

Overflow incontinence

Question 7

Medications associated with acute urinary retention include:

Answer 7

Antihistamines

Question 8

At what age does the pediatric glomerular filtration rate reach adult levels?

Answer 8

3 years

Question 9

Which of the following is not a vital function of the kidney?

Answer 9

Temperature regulation

Question 10

The mineralocorticoid that is produced by the adrenal cortex and helps to regulate blood pressure is:

Answer 10

Aldosterone

Question 11

Renal stones are most likely composed of:

Answer 11

Calcium oxalate

Question 12

A 65-year-old female experiences a sudden impule to urinate and is unable to hold her urine until she reaches the toilet. This woman is experiencing:

Answer 12

Urge incontinence

Question 13

The failure to achieve complete bladder emptying within a normal time span is due to the underactivity of which muscle?

Answer 13

Detrusor

Question 14

Infection of the upper urinary tract and renal parenchyma is called:

Answer 14

Pyelnophritis

Question 15

The hormone that helps control the kidney’s role in fluid balance is:

Answer 15

Antidiuretic

Question 16

Bone disease secondary to chronic kidney disease is due to alteration in levels of:

Answer 16

Phosphorus

Question 17

The volume of blood that kidneys can clear of creatinine in 1 minutes is:

Answer 17

Creatinine clearance

Question 18

The glomerular filtration rate is the rate at which:

Answer 18

Glomeruli filter blood

Question 19

Aldosterone helps regulate water reabsorption by regulating which one of the following electrolytes?

Answer 19

Sodium

Question 20

What is the primary risk factor for calcium phosphate renal stones?

Answer 20

High urine pH

Question 21

The most common type of anemia patients with chronic kidney disease is:

Answer 21

Normochromic normocytic

Question 22

Nephrons in the kidney:

Answer 22

Contribute to the total glomerular filtration rate

Question 23

Which one of the following is NOT affected when urinary retention is present?

Answer 23

The urethra

Question 24

Which one of the following is NOT associated with renal stone development?

Answer 24

High urine protein

Question 25

A 50% rise in plasma creatinine represents a nephron mass loss of:

Answer 25

50%

Question 26

The most common cause of urethritis is:

Answer 26

Neisseria gonorrhea

Question 27

The kidneys help regulate acid-base balance by:

Answer 27

Producing ammonia

Question 28

Which of the following statements is NOT true about calcium phosphate involvement in renal stone production?

Answer 28

Calcium phosphate builds up in the ureter

Question 29

In a normal functioning kidney, the majority of glucose is reabsorbed in the:

Answer 29

Proximal convulated tubule

Question 30

A 45-year-old man with peripheral neuropathy reports being awakened frequently at night by the urge to urinate. Which type of incontinence is usually associated with this presentation?

Answer 30

Urge incontinence

Question 31

The nurse practitioner is interpreting the results of a urinalysis and concludes that the specimen was contaminated. The presence of which organisms would lead to her to reach that conclusion?

Answer 31

Lactobacillus

Question 32

Which of the following is found in acidic urine and has a pH of approximately 5.5?

Answer 32

Uric acid stone

Question 33

The involuntary loss of urine during coughing or sneezing is:

Answer 33

Stress incontinence

Question 34

Dysregulation of antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone in the kidneys may lead to:

Answer 34

Hypertension

Question 35

Age related changes in the bladder include:

Answer 35

Dereased collagen in smooth muscle

Question 36

The most reason type of renal calculi is formed by an increased concentration of:

Answer 36

Calicum

Question 37

Which of the following assessment findings is common in pyelonephritis?

Answer 37

Costovertebral angle tenderness

Question 38

The bacteria that is most commonly responsible for acute pyelonephritis is:

Answer 38

e. coli

Question 39

Bacterial invasion of the renal parenchyma is termed:

Answer 39

Pyelonephritis

Question 40

In children, the glomerular filtration rate is adjusted for:

Answer 40

Body surface area

Question 41

Which of the following laboratory values is an amino acid breakdown that represents the glomerular filtration rate and metabolism in muscles?

Answer 41

Creatinine

Question 42

In the Randall's plaque pathway for kidney stone formation, the stone is:

Answer 42

Fixed to the surface of a renal papilla at sites of interstitial apatite plaque

Question 43

Which one of the following is NOT a contributor to detrusor underactivity (bladder retention)?

Answer 43

Childbirth

Question 44

Patients with chronic kidney disease are not likely to develop hyperkalemia as long as they secrete adequate levels of?

Answer 44

Aldosterone

Question 45

What is the primary predisposing factor for renal stones in patients with gout?

Answer 45

Urine pH of 5.5

Question 46

A factor that is NOT associated with progressive renal injury is

Answer 46

Controleld diabetes

Question 47

Metabolic acidosis results from a reduction in:

Answer 47

Bicarbonate

Question 48

Protein passes into the urine instead of being reabsorbed when the:

Answer 48

Glomerulia are damaged

Question 49

When antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is elevated in the serum, the collecting tubules in the kidney become more permeable to H2O, meaning that urine will have a:

Answer 49

High specific gravity

Question 50

A 58-year-old man is experiencing possible urinary retention. Which diagnostic test should be performed to confirm this finding?

Answer 50

Postvoid residual

Question 51

Which enzyme is formed in the liver as a byproduct of protein metabolism and is eliminated entirely by the kidney?

Answer 51

urea

Question 52

Mycoplasma genitalium is associated with which disease presentation in men?

Answer 52

Urethritis

Question 53

Patients with history of renal stones secrete:

Answer 53

Crystalluria