Cardiovascular

Question 1

Main functions of the system

Answer 1

Serves the body with nutrients and oxygen for energy output
Removes CO2 and waste products from tissues
Maintenance of body temperature
Prevention of infection

Question 2

Three layers of the heart

Answer 2

Epicardium outer layer that helps to protect
Myocardium thick middle layer responsible for pumping blood
Endocardium innermost smooth muscle that lines chambers of the heart and allows blood to flow smoothly

Question 3

Sympathetic influence (tachycardia)

Answer 3

Stimulation of heart to speed up caused by hormone epinephrine or adrenaline in brain

Question 4

Parasympathetic influence (bradycardia)

Answer 4

Acetylcholine is the hormone responsible for slowing down the heart rate

Question 5

ECG Electrocardiogram

Answer 5

P wave- depolarization through the atria

QRS-represents depolarization of the ventricle

T- represents repolarization of the ventricle

Question 6

Blood pressure

Answer 6

Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the artery
Normal is 120/80

Question 7

Numbers in blood pressure represent

Answer 7

Systolic top number, it is the contraction of the heart

Diastolic is the bottom number it is the relaxation Of heart

Question 8

Two main components of blood

Answer 8

Plasma

And blood cells

Question 9

Plasma

Answer 9

Fluid component made of mostly water 55%

Question 10

Blood cells

Answer 10

45%
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
White blood cells (leukocytes)
Platelets

Question 11

Parts of conductive zone

Answer 11

Mouth and nose
Pharynx and larynx 
Primary and secondary bronchi 
Tertiary and terminal bronchioles 
Structure that bring air from outside the body through the lungs

Question 12

Parts of respiratory zone

Answer 12

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts and sacs
Gas exchange between breathed in and blood
Sacs like grapes allow diffusion of gases

Question 13

Control centres in brain

Answer 13

Medulla oblingata and pons

Question 14

Medulla oblongata

Answer 14

Responsible for inspiration and expiration

Question 15

Pons

Answer 15

stops and inhalation so expiration can occur
both allow smooth transition from inhalation to exhalation
Fine tune breathing

Question 16

What slows heart down

Answer 16

Bradycardia

Acetylcholine

Question 17

What speeds heart up

Answer 17

Trachycardia

Epinephrine

Question 18

Pericardium

Answer 18

Protective sac that loosely surrounds the entire heart allowing it to expand and contract freely

Question 18

Sinus node

Answer 18

Small bundle of nerve fibre that generates automatic action potentials that govern the beating of the heart

Question 19

Action potential

Answer 19

The rush of positive ions into a particular region of the cell membrane when a stimulus reachers the nerve fibre AKA depolarization

Question 20

SA node and the bundle of his

Answer 20

SA node is on the posterior wall of the right atrium
10 seconds after the AV node triggers ventricular contraction
Then the bundle of his carries the electrical impulses to the purkinjie fibres that help transmit simultaneous contractions

Question 21

What happens to heart when it exercises

Answer 21

Becomes larger and chambers increase as does stroke volume, beats faster

Question 22

Stroke volume

Answer 22

The volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle in one contraction
With the heart rate it determines the output of blood by the heart per min

Question 23

Ventilation

Answer 23

Amount of air moved by Lungs in one minute

Question 24

Tidal volume

Answer 24

Volume of air in each breath

Question 25

Respiratory frequency

Answer 25

Breaths per min

Question 26

VO2 max

Answer 26

The measurement of the maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize during intense or maximal exercise
Aerobic endurance

Question 27

Asthma

Answer 27

Tightening of chronchial tubes or smooth muscles

Triggers symptoms types prevention and treatment

Question 28

COPD

Answer 28

Family of diseases that lead to a dramatic reduction in airflow through the respiratory system
Usually persists and cannot be relieved as quickly with meds