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Health Assessment > Cardiovascular (Chapter 20) > Flashcards

Cardiovascular (Chapter 20) Flashcards

1
Q

bruit is caused by

A

stenosis

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2
Q

where is the apex located

A

left 5th intercostal midclavicular

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3
Q

where is the base of the heart located

A

near aortic and pulmonic location
2nd intercostal just lateral of sternum

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4
Q

what other names are used for apex of heart

A

mitral
apical
PMI (point of maximum impulse

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5
Q

where is S1 the loudest

A

apex

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6
Q

where is S2 the loudest

A

base

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7
Q

what are the AV valves

A

tricuspid
mitral

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8
Q

how many flaps does the tricuspid valve have

A

3

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9
Q

how many flaps does mitral valve have

A

2

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10
Q

what AV valve is located on the right side

A

tricuspid

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11
Q

what AV valve is located on the left side

A

mitral

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12
Q

what are the two semilunar valves

A

pulmonic
aortic

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13
Q

what is the left semilunar valve

A

aortic

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14
Q

what is the right semilunar valve

A

pulmonic

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15
Q

S1 is the closure of

A

AV valves

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16
Q

S2 is the closure of

A

semilunar valves

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17
Q

what are the two abnormal heart sounds

A

S3, S4

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18
Q

when would you hear S3

A

after S2

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19
Q

when might S3 be normal

A

children, pregnancy

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20
Q

does the S3 in pregnancy resolve

A

yes after delivery

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21
Q

why do pregnant people experience S3

A

additional workload

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22
Q

when might S3 be abnormal

A

post MI
elderly

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23
Q

do the S3 in post MI disapate

A

yes after healing

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24
Q

what are S3 in elderly related to

A

disease
- coronary artery disease

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25
Q

when might the S4 be normal

A

athletes

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26
Q

why do athletes experience S4

A

decrease pulse produces a lag

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27
Q

when might S4 be abnormal

A

elderly

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28
Q

what diseases will promote S4

A

aortic stenosis
cardiomyopathy
hypertension

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29
Q

carotid pulse coincides with

A

S1

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30
Q

what pulse site do we use to check for effectiveness of CPR

A

carotid

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31
Q

what is important to know about palpating the carotid

A

one at a time

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32
Q

why do we not want to palpate bilaterally the carotid

A

decrease the amount of blood to brain (could cause stroke)

33
Q

the right jugular vein provides information about

A

right side of heart

34
Q

why do assess from the right side of the bed

A

to assess the right jugular vein (and to assess for heaves and lifts)

35
Q

right side of the heart provides us information about

A

heart failure

36
Q

what question should you ask if someone is experiencing chest pain

A

does the pain get worse when you take a deep breath

37
Q

what would you expect if the patient reports the chest pain does get worse with a deep breath

A

associated with the lungs

38
Q

what would you expect if the patient reports the chest pain stays the same when taking a deep breath

A

heart associated, possible MI

39
Q

what might you expect if someone reports pain after car crash

A

superficial muscles are damaged/sore

40
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

41
Q

orthopnea

A

difficulty breathing when laying flat

42
Q

dyspnea and orthopnea may mean

A

heart failure

43
Q

fatigue can be associated to

A

decreased cardiac output

44
Q

cyanosis/pallor will mean

A

less O2

45
Q

nocturia

A

urinating frequently at night

46
Q

what might nocturia mean

A

heart failure

47
Q

what are some important diseases when asking for cardiac hisotry

A

hypertension, increased cholesterol, murmur, history of MI

48
Q

family cardiac history is important becasue

A

genesis plays a large roll and may be a cue

49
Q

what are some personal habits important to ask the patient

A

history of smoking
nutrition (related to cholesterol)
illegal drug use (COCAINE)
any exercise

50
Q

in heart failure you might experience ________ in lower extremities

A

edema

51
Q

what side of the stethoscope do we use to listen to carotids

A

bell

52
Q

what is something important we instruct our patients when auscultating the carotid

A

inhale, exhale, hold breath

53
Q

what are we auscultating for when listening to carotid

A

bruit

54
Q

a bruit in carotid might be caused by

A

carotid stenosis

55
Q

carotid stenosis increases risk of

A

stroke

56
Q

jugular vein distension

A

edema in jugular vein

57
Q

how do we inspect for jugular vein distension

A

have patient lay flat
- if present raise HOB to 30-40 degrees

58
Q

why do we raise the head of the bed if JVD is present when laying flat

A

to confirm if patient actually has JVD because when laying flat increase blood rushes to head

59
Q

why do we tell patient to hold breath when auscultating carotid

A

so we do not hear bronchial sounds

60
Q

are heaves/lifts normal

A

no

61
Q

what might you assume if you see pulsations of the aorta

A

abdominal aortic anyserusm

62
Q

how long do we count for apical

A

1 min

63
Q

what is the most frequent cause of irregular rhythm

A

a fib

64
Q

pulse deficit

A

evaluating the apical and radial pulse
take both simultaneously
apical- radial= deficit
any deficit is not normal

65
Q

S1 is louder than S2 at the

A

apex

66
Q

S1 coincides with the _____________ pulse

A

carotid

67
Q

S1 coincides with the ___ wave on EKG

A

R

68
Q

where is aortic auscultation area

A

2nd intercostal right side of sternum

69
Q

where is the pulmonic auscultation area

A

2nd intercostal left

70
Q

where is erbs point

A

3rd intercostal left

71
Q

where is mitral area

A

5th intercostal mid clavicular

72
Q

where is tricuspid auscultation

A

5th intercostal left of sternum

73
Q

what side of stethoscope do we use to listen to heart

A

both

74
Q

what position do we put the patient in when listening to S3 and S4

A

left lateral position

75
Q

why do we put the patient in the left lateral position when listening to S3 and S4

A

pushes heart toward wall

76
Q

innocent murmur

A

dissipate after the child gets older

77
Q

the first heart sound is produced by

A

closure of the AV valves

78
Q

which of the following is an appropriate position to have the patient assume when auscultating the heart sounds

A

recombent position

79
Q

a bruit heard while auscultating the carotid artery of a 65 year old women is caused by

A

turbulent blood flow through carotid artery

Health Assessment (20 decks)

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