Cardiovascular (Chapter 20) Flashcards
(79 cards)
1
Q
bruit is caused by
A
stenosis
2
Q
where is the apex located
A
left 5th intercostal midclavicular
3
Q
where is the base of the heart located
A
near aortic and pulmonic location
2nd intercostal just lateral of sternum
4
Q
what other names are used for apex of heart
A
mitral
apical
PMI (point of maximum impulse
5
Q
where is S1 the loudest
A
apex
6
Q
where is S2 the loudest
A
base
7
Q
what are the AV valves
A
tricuspid
mitral
8
Q
how many flaps does the tricuspid valve have
A
3
9
Q
how many flaps does mitral valve have
A
2
10
Q
what AV valve is located on the right side
A
tricuspid
11
Q
what AV valve is located on the left side
A
mitral
12
Q
what are the two semilunar valves
A
pulmonic
aortic
13
Q
what is the left semilunar valve
A
aortic
14
Q
what is the right semilunar valve
A
pulmonic
15
Q
S1 is the closure of
A
AV valves
16
Q
S2 is the closure of
A
semilunar valves
17
Q
what are the two abnormal heart sounds
A
S3, S4
18
Q
when would you hear S3
A
after S2
19
Q
when might S3 be normal
A
children, pregnancy
20
Q
does the S3 in pregnancy resolve
A
yes after delivery
21
Q
why do pregnant people experience S3
A
additional workload
22
Q
when might S3 be abnormal
A
post MI
elderly
23
Q
do the S3 in post MI disapate
A
yes after healing
24
Q
what are S3 in elderly related to
A
disease
- coronary artery disease
25
when might the S4 be normal
athletes
26
why do athletes experience S4
decrease pulse produces a lag
27
when might S4 be abnormal
elderly
28
what diseases will promote S4
aortic stenosis
cardiomyopathy
hypertension
29
carotid pulse coincides with
S1
30
what pulse site do we use to check for effectiveness of CPR
carotid
31
what is important to know about palpating the carotid
one at a time
32
why do we not want to palpate bilaterally the carotid
decrease the amount of blood to brain (could cause stroke)
33
the right jugular vein provides information about
right side of heart
34
why do assess from the right side of the bed
to assess the right jugular vein (and to assess for heaves and lifts)
35
right side of the heart provides us information about
heart failure
36
what question should you ask if someone is experiencing chest pain
does the pain get worse when you take a deep breath
37
what would you expect if the patient reports the chest pain does get worse with a deep breath
associated with the lungs
38
what would you expect if the patient reports the chest pain stays the same when taking a deep breath
heart associated, possible MI
39
what might you expect if someone reports pain after car crash
superficial muscles are damaged/sore
40
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
41
orthopnea
difficulty breathing when laying flat
42
dyspnea and orthopnea may mean
heart failure
43
fatigue can be associated to
decreased cardiac output
44
cyanosis/pallor will mean
less O2
45
nocturia
urinating frequently at night
46
what might nocturia mean
heart failure
47
what are some important diseases when asking for cardiac hisotry
hypertension, increased cholesterol, murmur, history of MI
48
family cardiac history is important becasue
genesis plays a large roll and may be a cue
49
what are some personal habits important to ask the patient
history of smoking
nutrition (related to cholesterol)
illegal drug use (COCAINE)
any exercise
50
in heart failure you might experience ________ in lower extremities
edema
51
what side of the stethoscope do we use to listen to carotids
bell
52
what is something important we instruct our patients when auscultating the carotid
inhale, exhale, hold breath
53
what are we auscultating for when listening to carotid
bruit
54
a bruit in carotid might be caused by
carotid stenosis
55
carotid stenosis increases risk of
stroke
56
jugular vein distension
edema in jugular vein
57
how do we inspect for jugular vein distension
have patient lay flat
- if present raise HOB to 30-40 degrees
58
why do we raise the head of the bed if JVD is present when laying flat
to confirm if patient actually has JVD because when laying flat increase blood rushes to head
59
why do we tell patient to hold breath when auscultating carotid
so we do not hear bronchial sounds
60
are heaves/lifts normal
no
61
what might you assume if you see pulsations of the aorta
abdominal aortic anyserusm
62
how long do we count for apical
1 min
63
what is the most frequent cause of irregular rhythm
a fib
64
pulse deficit
evaluating the apical and radial pulse
take both simultaneously
apical- radial= deficit
any deficit is not normal
65
S1 is louder than S2 at the
apex
66
S1 coincides with the _____________ pulse
carotid
67
S1 coincides with the ___ wave on EKG
R
68
where is aortic auscultation area
2nd intercostal right side of sternum
69
where is the pulmonic auscultation area
2nd intercostal left
70
where is erbs point
3rd intercostal left
71
where is mitral area
5th intercostal mid clavicular
72
where is tricuspid auscultation
5th intercostal left of sternum
73
what side of stethoscope do we use to listen to heart
both
74
what position do we put the patient in when listening to S3 and S4
left lateral position
75
why do we put the patient in the left lateral position when listening to S3 and S4
pushes heart toward wall
76
innocent murmur
dissipate after the child gets older
77
the first heart sound is produced by
closure of the AV valves
78
which of the following is an appropriate position to have the patient assume when auscultating the heart sounds
recombent position
79
a bruit heard while auscultating the carotid artery of a 65 year old women is caused by
turbulent blood flow through carotid artery
