Neurologic System (Chapter 24) Flashcards
(76 cards)
1
Q
3 parts of the nervous system
A
central
autonomic
peripheral
2
Q
central nervous system
A
brain, spinal cord
3
Q
autonomic
A
unconsious
4
Q
peripheral nervous system
A
cranial nerves
5
Q
nerves carry to CNS via
A
affernet
6
Q
nerves carry from CNS via
A
efferent
7
Q
cerebellum
A
occipital lobe, equilibrium, coordination of voluntary movement
8
Q
thalamus
A
relay station, receive info
9
Q
hypothalamus
A
HR, BP, temp, respiration, sleep
10
Q
brain stem is composed of
A
midbrain, pons, medulla
11
Q
what cranial nerves are in the brain stem
A
3-12
12
Q
spinal cord mediates
A
reflexes
13
Q
aphasia
A
inability to communicate through speech
14
Q
ataxia
A
inability to coordinate movement
15
Q
cerebella ataxia
A
S&S of parkinsons
16
Q
dysphasia
A
difficulty speaking
17
Q
dysphagia
A
difficulty swallowing
18
Q
flaccidity
A
no resistance to gravity
19
Q
who might have flaccidity
A
stoke pts
20
Q
hemiplegia
A
paralysis on one side of body
21
Q
Tic
A
involuntary/ impulsive repetitive twitch of muscle
22
Q
a tic can be neurologic or
A
psychogenic
23
Q
tremor
A
sign and symptom of med/patho, involuntary contraction of opposing muscle
24
Q
who might have a tremor
A
cerebella disease
MS, or parkinsons
25
deserebrate and decorticate
postal positions may seen in patient with neurologic event
26
dercebrate
ominous: prognosis is very poor
brain stem injury/damage, lesion in brainstem at midbrain/upper pons
27
decorticate
arms pulled forward, lesion at or above brain stem
28
seizure phases
preictal
ictal
postictal
29
preictal
aura: subjective sensation that precedes a seizure
auditory, visual, motor
30
ictal
seizure is actually occurring
most become incontinent
crash cart for airway
put pt on side
do not hold pt down
pt loses relfexes
nursing intervention: timer, monitor, stay with pt
pad side rails, 4 side rails
31
postictal
first thing to do is assess
vitals and airway
32
aging adult
atrophy
absent Achilles reflex
irregular pupil shape
33
order of neurologic exam
mental status
cranial nerves
motor nerves
sensory
reflex
34
ABCT
apperence
behavior
cognition
thought process
35
testing muscle strength
hand grasp with push and pull
plantar flexion and dorsi flexion with resistance
36
when asking pt to squeeze and dominant hand is same as yours
cross hand so dominant hands are together
37
balance test
gait, Romberg test, rapid alternating movement
38
rombergtest -
hold, no swaying
39
Romberg test +
sway, fall, lose balance
40
rapid alternating movement
pat knees with backs and fronts of hands
finger-finger test
finger nose
heel shin
41
when doing reflexes we need pt to be full relaxed otherwise
tendon is stretched
42
biceps is the only test that is
indirect
43
what will the forearm do when doing biceps test
forearm will flex
44
the reflex tests
triceps, brachiradialis, quadriceps, achilles, biceps
45
parkinsons dysfunction type
motor system
46
parkinsons have a defect of
extrapyridimal tracts
47
parkinsons apperence
tremors/rigitiy/ cogwheel rigidity
stooped posture
steps short and shuffling
pill rolling maneuver with fingers
flat expression, staring, expressionless
48
babinski relfex
upper motor neuron lesion
49
when is it okay to have positive babinski reflex
infants
50
neurologic recheck
level of consiousness
motor function
pupillary response
vital signs
glasgow
51
glasgow categories
eye, motor, verbal
52
normal glasgow
15
53
glasgow indicating a coma
7/8
54
stroke is the leading cause of
long term disability
55
TIA vs stroke
TIA is a spasm and symptoms resolve
stroke is when symptoms get worse
56
test for cranial nerve I
test sense of smell in those that report loss of smell with persons eyes closed, occude one nostril and present a familiar aromatic substance
57
test for cranial nerve II
test visual acuity and visual fields by confrontation
58
test for III, IV, VI
check pupils for size, regularity, equality, direct and consensual light reaction and accommodation
assess extra ocular movements by cardinal positions of gaze
59
test for V
motor: asses muscles of mastication by palpating temporal and master muscles as person clenches teeth, muscles should feel strong on both sides
sensory: persons eyes closed, test light touch sensation by touching a cotton wisp to persons face: forehead, cheeks, and chin
60
test for VII
note mobility and facial symmetry as person responds to request to smile, frown and close eyes tightly, lift eyebrows and show teeth
have person puff cheeks and then press puffed cheeks in
61
test for VIII
hearing acuity by ability to hear normal conversation and by whisper test
62
test for IX and X
depress tongue with blade and note pharyngeal movement as person says ahhh or yawns
uvula and soft palate should rise midline and tonsil pillars should move medially
touch posterior pharyngeal wall with tongue blade and note gag relfex, voice should sound smooth
63
test for XII
inspect tounge no wasting or tremors should be present , note forward thrust in midline as person protrudes tongue
ask person to say light, tight, dynamite
64
test for XI
examine neck muscles for size, check strength by asking person to rotate head against resistance applied to side of chin
ask person to shrug shoulders against resistance
65
olfactory
smell
66
optic
vision
67
oculomotor
extra ocular movement, pupil constriction, down and inward movement of eye
68
trochlear
down and inward movement of eye
69
trigeminal
mastication and sensation of face scalp and cornea
70
abducens
lateral movement of eyes
71
facial
tasting on the anterior two thirds of tongue, closing eyes
72
acoustic
hearing and equilibrium
73
glossopharyngeal
phonation, swalloing, tasting on the posterior third of tounge
74
vagus
talking, swallowing, and sensory information from pharynx and carotid sinus
75
spinal
movement of trapezius and sternomastoid muscle
76
hypoglossal
movement of tounge
