Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 1

• transport gas, nutrients, hormones and waste
• regulation of pH
• restricting fluid loss
• defence against toxins, pathogens
• sustaining body temp

Question 2

Blood vessel direction?
(Hint: 🟦 🟥, arteries/veins)

Answer 2

🟥Arteries = efferent, carry blood AWAY from heart

🟦Veins = afferent, carry blood TOWARDS the heart

Question 3

Components of blood?

Answer 3

• plasma proteins (i.e. globulins, albumins, fibrinogen)
• ‘formed elements’ (i.e. red and white cells, platelets)

Question 4

Separated blood in centrifuge?

Answer 4

(lightest to heaviest)

Top - plasma on top 55%
Mid - white cells, platelets 4%
Low - red cells 41%

Question 5

Components of cardiovascular/circulatory system?

Answer 5

• heart
• blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
• blood

Question 6

Red blood cell production?

Answer 6

• Happens in the red bone marrow of long bones (femur is the biggest)
• develop from stem cells
• stimulated by hypoxia (low oxygen triggers creation of more cells)
• At the end of life of cell, iron gets recycled.

Question 7

What is cardiomyopathy?
What is the tissue associated with cardiomyopathy?

Answer 7

• Any disorder affecting the heart muscle (i.e thickening of the tissue)
• Myocardium

Question 8

What determines blood groups?

Answer 8

• Surface antigens, and the potential mixture (i.e A has A, B has B, AB has both A and B, O has neither A nor B antigens.)

Question 9

What kind of tissue is blood?

Answer 9

• Connective

Question 10

What happens when a different blood type is introduced to the body?

Answer 10

• Agglutination (clumping), then…
• Hemolysis (breakdown of red cells)

Question 11

What is anaemia?

Answer 11

• a deficit of red cells, or hemoglobin so oxygenation is compromised

Question 12

What is the most common blood type in Aus?

Answer 12

• Type O Positive

Question 13

Any white blood cell info?
(Hint: other name? Do they have hemoglobin? Anything else?)

Answer 13

• also known as leukocytes
• lack hemoglobin
• have nucleus

Question 14

Types of white blood cells?

Answer 14

• Neutrophils
• Eosinophils
• Basophils
• Monocytes
• Lymphocytes

Question 15

How many red and white blood cells do we have?

Answer 15

🔴 = 5.2 million ish
⚪ = 7000 ish

Question 16

Which arteries and veins are reversed?

Answer 16

• Pulmonary arteries and veins.
  (Pulmonary arteries carry blood TOWARDS the heart, instead of away from)

Question 17

What is the major function of red blood cells?

Answer 17

• gas transportation