Integumentary System

Question 1

What are the structures of the integumentary system?

Answer 1

• Skin (cutaneous membrane)
• Hair
• Nails
• sweat glands
• sebaceous glands

Question 2

What are the functions of the skin? (Hint: 6 points)

Answer 2

• Protects underlying tissue and organs
• Excretes salts, water and organic wastes
• Maintains body temperature
• Synthesises vit. D3
• Stores lipids
• detects touch, pressure, etc.

Question 3

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis (hint: stratum…)

Answer 3

• Stratum germinativum
• Stratum spinosum
• Stratum granulosum
• Stratum lucidum
• Stratum corneum (top of skin)

Question 4

What are the two layers of the dermis?

Answer 4

• Papillary (outer)
• Reticular

Question 5

What are the lines of cleavage?

Answer 5

• Tension lines
• they indicate the direction of orientation of the collagen fibres
• generally parallel to muscle fibres

Question 6

What is the structure of a follicle? (Hint: different to a hair)

Answer 6

• internal root sheath
• external root sheath
• glassy membrane

Question 7

What is the structure of a hair? (Hint: different to a follicle)

Answer 7

• medulla
• cortex
• cuticle

Question 8

What are the functions of the Merocrine sweat glands?

Answer 8

• Perspiration (cools skin, excretes water and electrolytes, and flushes chemicals from skin
• thermoregulation (works with cardiovascular system)

Question 9

What are the functions of the apocrine sweat glands? (Hint: not main glands)

Answer 9

• found in armpits, around nipples and groin
• odorous secretions begin at puberty

Question 10

What does the ceruminous gland do?

Answer 10

• produces earwax (cerumen)
• protects the eardrum

Question 11

What are the 4 stages of skin repair?

Answer 11

1. Inflammatory
2. Migratory
3. Proliferation
4. Scarring