Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 1

It can be thought of as the transportation of O2, CO2, H2O, nutrients and waste.

Question 2

What is the main function?

Answer 2

To deliver O2, and glucose in the blood to the body cells and remove CO2 from body cells (metabolic wastes)

Question 3

What is the heart?

Answer 3

It is used to pump blood throughout the body.

Question 4

What is the heart made of?

Answer 4

Cardiac cells

Question 5

What is the Myocardium?

Answer 5

Heart tissue

Question 6

Why do we call the heart myogenic?

Answer 6

This is because the heart involuntarily responds to electricity currents and therefore is not controlled by the brain.

Question 7

How many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 7

4

Question 8

What is the Atria

Answer 8

Upper chambers (thin-walled)

Question 9

What are ventricles?

Answer 9

Lower chambers (thicker walled)

Question 10

What are the four chambers?

Answer 10

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle

Question 11

What does the right atrium and ventricle do?

Answer 11

Right-Atrium- Collects deoxygenated blood from body
Right ventricle-Pumps that blood to the lungs

Question 12

What does the left atrium and ventricle do?

Answer 12

Left atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the lungs
Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to rest of body.

Question 13

What are valves?

Answer 13

Flaps of connective tissue between the atria and ventricles and arteries. They close to prevent backflow of blood as it moves through the heart via the veins

Question 14

How many valves do we have?

Answer 14

We have four valves

Question 15

What are they?

Answer 15

AV valve-Between atria and ventricles
Bicuspid- Left ventricle and left atrium
Tricuspid-Right ventricle and right atrium
Pulmonary valve-Located between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Question 16

What are arteries?

Answer 16

Blood vessel that carries blood away and contains thick walls

Question 17

Veins???

Answer 17

Blood vessels which carry blood towards heart.

Question 18

What are capillaries?

Answer 18

They are microscopic blood vessels which connect art. to veins together. Also where diffusion of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste happens. It is one cell layer thick.

Question 19

What are the major blood vessels of the heart?

Answer 19

SVC + IVC (Superior-inferior vena cava)
PA (Pulmonary Artery
PV ( Pulmonary vein)
Aorta

Question 20

What does SVC and IVC do?

Answer 20

They return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Question 21

What does PA do

Answer 21

Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to the lungs

Question 22

What does PV do?

Answer 22

Pulmonary veins carry oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Question 23

What does the Aorta do?

Answer 23

Delivers O2 rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

Question 24

What is the overview of circulation of blood throughout the heart?

Answer 24

It send deoxygenated blood to the heart via SVC and IVC and send it to the lungs via PA and O2 rich blood then leaves the lungs and goes back to the heart via PV and then gets sent to the rest of the body via Aorta.

Question 25

So what are the 3 main circulation points?

Answer 25

Pulmonary circulation: Heart to lungs (inverse) Systemic circulation: From heart to the body cells (aorta) Coronary circulation: from the heart to heart muscle

Question 26

What happens in pulmonary circulation?

Answer 26

Flow of blood from heart to lung First: Blood must have carbon dioxide removed and get O2T so it is sent to the lungs via pulmonary artery. Then CO2 is removed and gets sent back via pulmonary veins then the Aorta delivers the O2 rich blood to the rest of the body.

Question 27

What happens in systemic circulation?

Answer 27

Flow of blood from heart to body cells. Oxygenated blood coming back from the lungs are pumped to the body cells via Aorta.

Question 28

How much blood is in your body?

Answer 28

5-6 liters!

Question 29

What is blood plasma?

Answer 29

It makes up 55 % of blood and it contains nutrients, salts, respiratory gases, hormones, proteins, and waste products.

Question 30

What are Erythrocytes?

Answer 30

RBC-Red blood cell Main function is to transport O2 It is anucleate which means it has no nucleus Each erythrocyte has 250 million hemoglobin molecules which transport protein and bind to O2 (strongly)

Question 31

What are platelets

Answer 31

Needed for the blood clot process.

Question 32

How many blood types are there?

Answer 32

4 blood types, A, B, AB, and O, which are determined by antigens on our red blood cells. A has A-antigens b has b-antigens, AB have both A + B antigens and Type O has none.

Question 33

O-type unique thing about it

Answer 33

O is the universal doner

Question 34

AB-type unique thing about it

Answer 34

It is the universal recipient.

Question 35

What is Rh?

Answer 35

It is a protein on blood cells that determine if you have positive or negative blood. If you have it it is positive if you don't it is negative.

Question 36

What specifically controls the heart beat?

Answer 36

2 types of nodal tissue control the heartbeat. SA Node and AV node

Question 37

What is a SA node?

Answer 37

It is found in right atrium. It initiates the heartbeat every .085 seconds. It serves as the pacemaker (electrical currents to heart

Question 38

What is the AV node?

Answer 38

Acts as the gatekeeper and regulates the electrical currents.

Question 39

Give me the cycle.

Answer 39

SA node sends out an impulse causing atria to contract. The impulse reaches the AV node and travels along the AV. The impulses travels throughout the ventricles and they contract.