Respiratory system Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the respiratory system?
Allows for the inspiration of O2 and the expiration of CO2
What does the upper respiratory tract contain?
Nasal cavities, pharynx and epiglottis.
What does the Nose do?
Function: Its a filter, and it moistens the air
It contains a sinus which produces mucus that drains into the nasal cavity.
Air in the respiratory tract are
Filtered- by hairs, cilia, and mucus
Warm- by heat from the blood vessels
Moistened- by the wet surfaces in passageway
What is the pharynx?
Connects nose and mouth oral passageway to the larynx
What is the epiglottis?
Description: Flap of tissue that sits at the top of Larynx
Function:Block food from entering trachea, or windpipe, during swallowing.
What does the lower respiratory tract contain?
Trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs.
What is the Larynx
It contains vocal cords that vibrate to produce sound and it is located in the trachea.
What is the trachea?
Known as the windpipe. It is a flexible tube that connects larynx to bronchi. It is held open by a cartilage. It is also lined with ciliated cells and it contains sticky mucus loaded with dust and other things to trap pathogens.
What is the bronchial tube?
It is the airway that carries air to the lungs. They also subdivide into smaller and smaller branches called bronchioles.
WHat are bronchioles?
Smallest branches of the bronchi. They lead to avioli.
So what is a lung.
It is a paired cone-shaped organ that occupy the thoracic cavity. They contain alveolus/alveoli.
What is alveoli?
It basically does the gas exchange between blood cells and the lungs. O2 enters the blood when you inhale and CO2 enters the alveoli and exhales out of the lungs.
What is a diaphragm?
It is a thin skeletal muscle that sits at the base of the chest and separates the abdomen from the chest.
It changes position to control breathing; It contracts and flattens when you inhale. This creates a vacuum effect that pulls air into the lungs vice versa.
What is external respiration?
It is the exchange of gases between blood and lungs. Blood enters the lungs oxygen poor and CO2 rich. Alveoli is rich in O2 and low in CO@ so it gives the blood O2 through diffusion from an area of high concentration to area of low concentration. aW
What is internal respiration?
Exchange of gases between body cell and blood. An opposite to what occurs in the lungs. CO2 diffuses out of tissue to blood and O2 diffuses from blood to tissue.
BREATHING CYCLE PEAS for inspiration
Regulated by the brain, (Medulla)
Flow of air into the lungs: Diaphragm and intercostal expand. The size of lungs and chest increase. Pressure of gas in the lungs are lower than the pressure of gas of the environment and gas flows into lungs.
What is Expiration?
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and relax and push air out. Volume of thoracic cavity decrease causing greater gas pressure compared to the environment. AIR IS PUSHED OUT OF THE LUNGS.
Respiratory disorders list them.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Airway becomes narrow and fills with mucus. Loss of cilia and normal cleansing action. Caused by smoking cigars, cigarettes, and some pollutants.
Emphysema-Chronic and incurable disorder where the alveoli lose elasticity. Reduces surface area for gas exchange. Caused by prolong smoking.
Asthma- Lung disease that causes inflammation of airways and makes it hard to breathe.
