Cardiovascular system

Question 1

Third heart sounds (S3)

Answer 1

vibration and resistance to early filling into the ventricles (occurs immediately after S2)

Question 2

Fourth heart sounds (S4)

Answer 2

Occurs at the end of diastole (pre-systole) just before S1

Question 3

Murmurs caused by

Answer 3

Structural defects
Blood velocity increased
Blood viscosity decreased

Question 4

Functional murmurs can be onset due to

Answer 4

Pregnancy
Anemia
Hypothyroidism

Question 5

Apical pulse and carotid pulse should be the _______

Answer 5

Same

Question 6

S1 is the same is a the _____ _____

Answer 6

Carotid pulse

Question 7

Bruit

Answer 7

Auscultate (swishing)

Question 8

Thrill

Answer 8

Palpate (purring)

Question 9

Foramen ovale

Answer 9

In fetal development, this shunts blood into the atria septum

Question 10

At birth _____ ______ closes and _____ lowers in the right side of the heart

Answer 10

Foramen Ovale

Pressure

Question 11

Heart position in an infant

Answer 11

more horizontal, apex is higher, in the 4th LIC

Question 12

Blood volume during 2nd trimester increases by __-__%

Answer 12

30-40%

Question 13

During pregnancy pulse increases __-__ BPM

Answer 13

10-15 BPM

Question 14

Ectopic beats are _____ and _____ with age

Answer 14

Asymptomatic and common

Question 15

Blood pressure increases in the elderly because

Answer 15

vessels loose elasticity

Question 16

Africans american and heart disease

Answer 16

they are more sensitive to salt and most HTN treatments are refractory (don’t work)

Question 17

Cervical Spine nodes

Answer 17

drains head and neck

Question 18

Axillary nodes

Answer 18

drains breasts and upper arms

Question 19

Inguinal node

Answer 19

drains groin and lower extremity and anterior external gentile and abdominal wall

Question 20

Epitropiclear node

Answer 20

drains antecubital area, drains hand (fingers 3,4,5) lower arm

Question 21

Tonsils

Answer 21

Pharyngeal, adenoid, palatine, lingual

Question 22

Children have ______ and _____ palpable lymphatics

Answer 22

Large and palpable

Question 23

Enlarged _____ and abdominal _____ are common

Answer 23

Tonsils, pain

Question 24

Vascular issues in pregnant female

Answer 24

uterus blocks vena cava, causes dependent edema, large varicosities of legs and vulva, and hemorrhoids)

Question 25

Aging Adult

Answer 25

Arteriosclerosis (rigid vessels), enlargement of calves (DVT)

Question 26

Reynauds Syndrome

Answer 26

episodes of changing of color of fingers related to cold, stress, symptoms of vibration, burning, throbbing pain

Question 27

Lymphadenopathy

Answer 27

Enlarged, tender lymph nodes

Question 28

Lymphendema

Answer 28

Removal of lymph nodes, as with breast surgery, damage or radiation impedes drainage

Question 29

Arterial symptoms of peripheral vascular disease

Answer 29

Intermittent claudication, deep muscle pain, chronic pain, cool bluish looking skin

Question 30

Venous symptoms of peripheral vascular disease

Answer 30

Calf aching, tired, feeling full, edema, varicosities, weeping ulcers, chronic pain worse at end of night, aggravated by sitting, standing (for long time)

Question 31

how to relieve symptoms of peripheral vascular disease

Answer 31

elevation of extremity, laying down

Question 32

Chronic arterial insufficiency

Answer 32

Ischemic ulcer- a plaque build up due to arteriosclerosis

Question 33

Symptoms of an ischemic ulcer

Answer 33

- coolness, pallor - pain with walking - diminished or absent pulses - thin, shiny, hairless skin, thick nails - ulcers, toes, metatarsal heads, heals, lateral ankles

Question 34

Ischemic ulcers are associated with

Answer 34

diabetes, local neuropathy, local infection

Question 35

Chronic venous insufficiency

Answer 35

Venous stasis ulcer

Question 36

Symptoms of venous stasis ulcer

Answer 36

- follows DVT - firm brawny edema - coarse thick skin - normal pulses, may be hard to locate dt edema - brown pigmentation - dermatitis - ulcers located with malleolus bleeding