Cardiovascular System- Lecture 9/28/21

Question 1

Functions of the cardiovascular system (3)

Answer 1

Nutrient/metabolic transport
Protective
Homeostasis

Question 2

Elements of nutrient metabolic function (4)

Answer 2

• Nutrient transport
• Gas exchange
• Waste removal
• hormone distribution

Question 3

Elements of the protective function (2)

Answer 3

• Distribute immune cells

- Clotting mechanism

Question 4

Elements of Homeostasis function (3)

Answer 4

• Body temp regulation
• pH regulation
• Pressure regulation

Question 5

Components of the cardiovascular system (7)

Answer 5

• heart
• arteries
• capillaries
• venules
• medium veins
• large veins
• lymphatic

Question 6

Tunica intima

Answer 6

Includes the endothelial cells and underlying CT (Inner elastic lamina sometimes)

Question 7

Tunica media

Answer 7

Usually the thickest, includes smooth muscle and sometimes elastic fibers with occasional internal and external elastic lamina

Question 8

Tunica adventitia

Answer 8

Connective tissue (sometimes own blood supply and nervous supply

Question 9

Major differences between artery and vein

Answer 9

Veins have thin walls and are less circular

Question 10

Elastic arteries

Answer 10

Large variation in size, large tunica media, reduce pulsitile flow, contain blood/nerve supple

Question 11

Muscular arteries

Answer 11

Large variation in size, ALWAYS CONTAIN INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA, sometimes external elastic lamina when large

Question 12

Small arteries

Answer 12

Usually 3-10 layers, inner elastic lamina in larger ones,

Question 13

Arterioles

Answer 13

Usually less than 3 layers of muscular fibers with no elastic lamina, often with accompanying venules

Question 14

Capillaries

Answer 14

Consist of endothelial cell and basal lamina

Question 15

Continuous capillary distribution (3)

Answer 15

• nervous system
• muscle
• CTs

Question 16

Fenestrated capillary locations (3)

Answer 16

• Endocrine glands

- Kidney

Question 17

Discontinuous capillary locations (3)

Answer 17

• SPleen
• lymph nodes
• liver

Question 18

Peri yes

Answer 18

-Lie within capillary basal lamina and regulate permeability, contractile, help control prolif (gap junctions)

Question 19

Venules

Answer 19

Just an endothelial cell wall, very leaky (most lymph and white blood cells exit here)
-Histamine sensitive

Question 20

Small/medium veins

Answer 20

-Endothelial cells with small T. Media with smooth muscle, thick T adventitia (valves in extremities)

Question 21

Valve

Answer 21

Prevents flow of blood back in the wrong direction

Question 22

Varicose veins

Answer 22

Valve failure causes the blood to flow backwards, leading to varicosities

Question 23

Large vein

Answer 23

Huge tunica adventitia with lots of smooth muscle bundles, thin tunica media

Question 24

Visceral pericardium

Answer 24

Also the epicardium, tunica adventitia

Question 25

Myocardium

Answer 25

Tunica media of the heart

Question 26

Endocardium

Answer 26

Tunica intima of the heart, purkinje fibers live in the subendocardial CT

Question 27

Mesothelial cells

Answer 27

Form the epicardium (Parietal pleura)

Question 28

Artherosclerosis

Answer 28

Focal thickening of the intima, forming a plaque, prone to induce clotting

Question 29

Myocardial infarct

Answer 29

Fibrous connective tissue that replaces cardiac myocytes after ischemia

Question 30

Elephantiasis

Answer 30

Defect in lymph circulation, leading to edema in a leg

Question 31

Lymph circulation appearance

Answer 31

Like venules, but with no red blood cells