Connective Tissue And Blood- Lecture 9/14/21

Question 1

Connective tissue function( 7)

Answer 1

• Structural stability
• mechanical properties
• Environment for differentiation and residence
• Facilitates exchange of metabolites
• Energy storage
• Heat production
• Repair and restoration of tissue architecture

Question 2

Connective tissue types (3)

Answer 2

• Cells
• Fibers
• Ground substance

Question 3

Indigenous cells

Answer 3

Arise within the CT

Question 4

Immigrant cells

Answer 4

Originate from the hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow

Question 5

Examples of indigenous cells (5)

Answer 5

• Mesenchymal cells
• Fibroblasts
• Adipocytes
• Osteogenic cells and derivative
• Chondrogenic cells

Question 6

Examples of immigrant cells (4)

Answer 6

-Macrophages
Mast cells
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells

Question 7

Mesenchymal cells

Answer 7

Multipotent stem cells that differentiate into myocytes adipocytes chondrocytes osteoblasts and neurons

Question 8

Fibroblasts

Answer 8

Most common cells in CT, synthesize ECM components, cytoplasm and ECM stain similarly and can form myofibroblasts

Question 9

Types of adipocytes

Answer 9

White and brown, white are unilocular and used for energy brown is multilocular and used for heat

Question 10

Macrophages

Answer 10

Derived from blood monocytes that have migrated to connective tissues
Scavenge for debris
Lots of phagosomes

Question 11

Mast cells

Answer 11

Derived from bone marrow precursors, central nucleus that is often overtaken by granules

Question 12

Lymphocytes

Answer 12

Subsets of B and T cells, small dark nuclei with little cytoplasm

Question 13

Plasma cells

Answer 13

Differentiated B-lymphocyte, synthesize antibody, found in loose CT. Clock face heterochromatin pattern

Question 14

Scar tissue

Answer 14

Made of collagen one, low turnover, overgrowth is keloids

Question 15

Type II collagen

Answer 15

Abundant in hyaline cartilage

Question 16

Type III collagen

Answer 16

Branched, need silver stain located around stuff that needs structure

Question 17

Fibrillin

Answer 17

Forms the scaffold that elastin forms around

Question 18

Elastin

Answer 18

Elastic protein that is linked by lysine linkages, can stretch

Question 19

Defect in marfan’s syndrome

Answer 19

Fibrillin-1 is mutated which sequesters TGF-B and provide support

Question 20

Cutis laxa

Answer 20

Disease in elastin that leads to loose skin

Question 21

Examples of ground substance

Answer 21

Proteoglycans, GAGs, glycoproteins

Question 22

Characteristics of ground substance (4)

Answer 22

• Highly charges
• Confers compressive resistance
• Limited protein components (poor staining quality)
• Permits nutrient/ gas exchange

Question 23

Connective tissue types (9)

Answer 23

- Dense regular
Dense irregular
Loose
Elastic
Adipose
Reticular
Blood
Cartilage 
Bone

Question 24

Dense regular CT

Answer 24

Densely packed parallel fibers, found in tendons and ligaments

Question 25

Dense irregular

Answer 25

Irregular fibers with nuclei facing every which was

Question 26

Loose connective tissue

Answer 26

Lots of ground substance, things can easily move through it, often found in ducts

Question 27

Elastic tissue

Answer 27

Lots of elastin which can be specifically stained

Question 28

Adipose tissue

Answer 28

Brown or white, globules of fats

Question 29

Reticular tissue

Answer 29

Made up of collagen type II, supports channels in the liver lymph nodes and spleen, usually requires silver stain

Question 30

Composition of blood (3)

Answer 30

Cells Plasma proteins Plasma

Question 31

Functions of blood (3)

Answer 31

- transport - protection Homeostasis

Question 32

Blood staining

Answer 32

Romanowsky staining

Question 33

Erythrocytes

Answer 33

Red blood cells, anuclear biconcave cells

Question 34

Granulocytes examples (3)

Answer 34

Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils

Question 35

Agranulocyte examples (2)

Answer 35

Lymphocytes | Monocytes

Question 36

Neutrophils

Answer 36

Possess multilobed nuclei, found in blood and CT, main function in defense is phagocytosis and trap bacterium by exocytosing enzymes and DNA

Question 37

Eosinophils

Answer 37

Bill Ed nucleus that phagocytose and secrete enzymes and proteins, really like eosin

Question 38

Basophils

Answer 38

Bill Ed nucleus, similar to mast cells but in blood the vast majority of the time

Question 39

Lymphocytes

Answer 39

High nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio

Question 40

Monocytes

Answer 40

- Large indented nucleus - Pale stained cytoplasm - precursor for macrophages following extravasation into the tissues

Question 41

Platelets

Answer 41

Formed In the bone marrow as fragments, there in active amd active form