Review II- 10/16/21

Question 1

Elastic/ large artery

Answer 1

• Contains fee started elastic lamina in tunica media
• Reduce pulsatile flow
• Contain blood/nerve supply

Question 2

Muscular/medium arteries

Answer 2

Contain diagnostic inner elastic lamina and external elastic lamina
-reduce pulsatile flow

Question 3

Continuous capillary

Answer 3

Contains tight junctions, nothing is getting through

Question 4

Continuous capillary locations

Answer 4

• Muscle
• Nervous system
• CTs

Question 5

Fee started capillary location

Answer 5

• Endocrine glands
• Kidney glomerulus
• Liver

Question 6

Discontinuous capillary locations

Answer 6

Anywhere with sinusoid

• liver
• lymph nodes
• Spleen

Question 7

Pericytes

Answer 7

Contractile cells that sit on the within the basement lamina of capillary bed

Question 8

Venules

Answer 8

Post capillary micro circulation, usually just epithelia, very leaky, important role in inflammation

Question 9

Lymphedema

Answer 9

Swelling caused by blockage of the lymph, which drains interstitial fluid back to heart

Question 10

Primary lymphoid organs

Answer 10

Thymus and Bone marrow

Question 11

Secondary lymphoid organs (3)

Answer 11

• Lymph nodes (encapsulated)
• Spleen (encapsulated)
• Malt (epithelia)

Question 12

MALT examples

Answer 12

• Tonsils (lingual/palatine and pharyngeal)

- Peyer’s patch

Question 13

Pharyngeal tonsil epithelia

Answer 13

Ciliated Pseudostratified with goblet cells

Question 14

Palatine/ lingual tonsil epithelia

Answer 14

SSNKE with crypts

Question 15

Peyer’s patch location

Answer 15

Small intestine (specifically in the ileum)

Question 16

Thymus

Answer 16

Starry sky appearance created by macrophages, with CT septa and capsule

Question 17

Lymphoid nodules

Answer 17

Only in secondary tissue, clear nodules that contain B cells, germinal centers

Question 18

Diffuse zone

Answer 18

Non-nodular area in the lymphoid tissues, where the T cells live

Question 19

Splenic organization

Answer 19

From trabecular artery to central artery through the PALS to the marginal zone drain to cords, sinusoids, out the trabecular vein

Question 20

Palatine tonsil

Answer 20

SSNKE with deep crypts, plenty of germinal centers

Question 21

High endothelial venule

Answer 21

Post capillary venule that is in the paracortex, involved in the paracortical reaction that allows WBCs to enter the lymph nodes, differentiate, lymph node swelling

Question 22

Lymph node circulation

Answer 22

Many afferent lymphatics, only one efferent lymphatic, works to slow lymph flow down, also have blood supply through one artery and one vein that branch into capillaries

Question 23

Paracortical reaction

Answer 23

Follows activation of HEVs, paracortex enlarges due to T cell influx and proliferation

Question 24

Open circulation of the spleen

Answer 24

Central artery drains directly into marginal zone, not in vessels anymore

Question 25

Filtration slits

Answer 25

Made by discontinuous epithelia (Stave cells), influx of blood (positive pressure) and outflow through sinusoid (negative pressure) drives RBC movement through filtration slits

Question 26

Stave cells

Answer 26

Helps create filtration slits in spleen, gives it Whiskey barrel appearance

Question 27

Skin strata

Answer 27

Stratum Basale, Stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum

Question 28

Thick skin

Answer 28

Defined by the epidermis (palms and soles)

Question 29

Cell types of stratum basale (4)

Answer 29

Stem cells, melanocytes, merkel cells, keratinocytes

Question 30

Cells of strata spinosum (3)

Answer 30

- Keritonocytes - Langerhans cells - wandering lymphocytes

Question 31

Melanocytes

Answer 31

- Neural crest derivative - Lie superficial to BL (in stratum basale) - Constant # between races (differ in activity) - Synthesize tyrosinase (unique) - Pigment (donation)

Question 32

Eccrine gland

Answer 32

- Simple, coiled, tubular gland - Thermoregulation, salt balance - Does not store (small lumen) - Ducts modify sweat, reabsorb sodium (darker) - has myoepithelial cells

Question 33

Apocrine gland

Answer 33

- Simple, coiled tubular gland - Develops at puberty - Large lumen (stored product) - ducts do not modify - Active during stress, sexual arousal - Myoepithelial

Question 34

Squamocolumnar junction

Answer 34

The junction between the the esophagus and stomach

Question 35

Barrett’s esophagus

Answer 35

Metaplasia of esophagus, replacing SSNKE with simple columnar epithelia, caused by chronic GERD, if not treated can lead to esophageal cancer

Question 36

Layers of GI tract

Answer 36

Epithelia, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae (all mucosa), submucosa, muscularis externae (inner circular, outer longitudinal), adventitia/serosa

Question 37

Stomach glands

Answer 37

Mucosal glands, include parietal cells and zymogenic chief cells

Question 38

Parietal cells

Answer 38

- Look like fried eggs (eosinophilic) | - Secrete HCL and intrinsic factor (important for Vitamin B12)

Question 39

Intracellular canaliculus

Answer 39

In (active) parietal cells increase surface area for acid secretion

Question 40

Vitamin B12

Answer 40

- Deficiency can lead to decreased RBC development (pernicious)

Question 41

Chief cells

Answer 41

Secrete pepsinogen and lipase, stains very dark because of rough ER

Question 42

Jejunum

Answer 42

Plenty of plicae circulares, visible to human eye, no submucosal glands

Question 43

Plicae circulares

Answer 43

Infolding of the submucosa that increases surface area further for absorption

Question 44

Liver portal area

Answer 44

Includes portal vein and hepatic artery (blood) and bile duct (bile, waste) also portal lymphatics

Question 45

Classic lobule

Answer 45

-Hexagonal centered around central vein, study endocrine function

Question 46

Portal lobule

Answer 46

Triangular centered around portal bile duct, study exocrine/waste removal function

Question 47

Liver acinus

Answer 47

Diamond centered around central axis, used to study metabolic function, pathological changes

Question 48

Pancreas

Answer 48

Mainly exocrine acini, separated into lobules by septa, in each lobule is a lighter stained islet of langerhans (endocrine function)

Question 49

Serous acini staining

Answer 49

Basal basophilic region with apical eosinophilic region (zymogens)