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Infectious Disease > Cases 1 > Flashcards

Cases 1 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What is the leading cause of acute OM?

A

Viral (70% of the time)

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2
Q

Gram positive cocci in chains = ?

A

Streptococcus

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3
Q

What is the test that differentiates between staph and strep? What is the result for each?

A

Catalase test

Strep is catalase negative
Staph is positive

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4
Q

How do differentiate staph aureus from other staph species?

A

Staph aureus is coagulase positive

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5
Q

What are the four gram positive rods?

A

Clostridium
Corynebacterium
Listeria
bacillus

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6
Q

alpha hemolytic strep = ?

A

S. pneumoniae or strep viridans

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7
Q

Beta hemolytic strep = ?

A

Staph pyogenes

Staph agalactiae

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8
Q

Gamma hemolytic strep = ?

A

Peptostreptococcus

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9
Q

How do you differentiate between S pneumoniae and viridans strep, since both are alpha hemolytic?

A

S pnueumoniae is optochin sensitive and bile souble

viridans is not afraid of da chin

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10
Q

How do you differentiate between group A strep (pyogenes) and group B strep (agalactiae)?

A

Group A is bacitracin sensitive

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11
Q

What does alpha hemolysis result in?

A

Partial,, green clearing of the blood agar

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12
Q

What does beta hemolysis result in?

A

Clear hemolysis

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13
Q

What is the abx of choice for acute OM? What if this is contraindicated?

A

Amoxicillin

TMP-SMX

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14
Q

What is the bacterial class that amoxicillin targets?

A

Gram positive

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15
Q

What does insufflation test?

A

Eustachian tube, not the TM

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16
Q

What is the abx treatment for recurrent OM?

A

Augmentin

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17
Q

What are the complications of OM?

A
  • TM perforation
  • Tympanosclerosis
  • mastoiditis
  • Meningitis
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18
Q

Clear fluid behind the TM indicates what?

A

Eustachian tube dysfunction

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19
Q

If the insufflation test produces movement of the TM, what does this indicate?

A

That there is not eustachian tube pathology

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20
Q

What is the pathophysiology behind acute OM?

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A

Blocked drainage and transudation of fluid. Bacteria grow in the transudate.

21
Q

What is the pathophysiology of OME/SOM?

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A

Same as OM but no bacterial growth

22
Q

What is the treatment for OME/SOM?

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A

Watchful waiting unless hearing loss

23
Q

What are the organisms that usually cause otitis externa? (2)

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A

Pseudomonas

Staph aureus

24
Q

What are the organisms that usually cause otitis media? (4)

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A

Strep pneumoniae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Staph Aureus
HiB

25
Does candida have septated hyphae? Does aspergilus?
Candida no (no hyphae) Aspergillus yes
26
In whom does mucor cause sinusitis?
DM pts
27
What is the treatment for a fungal cause of otitis externa?
Azole
28
Tinea versicolor is usually caused by what?
Malassezia furfur
29
What are the three dermatophytes that cause onychomycosis?
Microsporum Trichophyton Epidermophyton
30
What is the cause of rose thorn cellulitis?
Sporothrix schenckii
31
What are the three major opportunistic fungal infections?
Candidiasis Aspergillosis Mucormycosis
32
Where is coccidioidomycosis common? What symptoms does it cause?
Southwest | pneumonia or vally fever
33
Where is blastomycosis common? What symptoms does it cause?
Northeast Wooded areas skin/pulmonary infections
34
Where is histoplasmosis common? What symptoms does it cause?
Bird droppings Midwest Pulmonary and erythema nodosum
35
What are the usual pathogens that cause sinusitis? (3 bacteria, 2 viruses)
``` Strep pneumo Moraxella catarrhalis HiB Rhinovirus Coronavirus ```
36
What is the treatment for bacterial sinusitis?
- amoxicillin - None antihistamine decongestants - Mucolytics
37
How common is bacterial sinusitis?
2% ish
38
What is the triad that is suspicious for atopy?
ASA asthma Sinusitis Nasal polyps
39
Why are antihistamine decongestants contraindicated for sinusitis?
Will decreased flow of mucus, make it worse
40
Gram negative rods + blue-green culture = ?
Pseudomonas aruginosa
41
What is the treatment for pseudomonas sinusitis?
Fluoroquinolone
42
What are the complications from sinusitis?
Meningitis | boney invasion of the orbit
43
Tonsil exudates = what two organisms?
EBV or strep pyogenes
44
strep pyogenes has what type of hemolysis?
beta
45
GBS is also known as what?
Strep agalactiae
46
Is strep pyogenes bacitracin sensitive or resistant?
Sensitive
47
What is the sensitivity of the rapid strep test?
95%
48
Why treat strep throat?
Prevent rheumatic fever symptomatic relief

Infectious Disease (18 decks)

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