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Soft Tissue infections Flashcards

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1
Q

What are furuncles?

A

a deep folliculitis, infection of the hair follicle. It is most commonly caused by infection by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus,

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2
Q

What is the layer of the epidermis that folliculitis involves?

A

Epidermis

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3
Q

What are the five layers of the epidermis?

A
  • Stratum Corneum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum Granulosum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum basale
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4
Q

Where in the epidermine do langerhans cells reside?

A

Stratum spinosum

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5
Q

What layer of the epidermis does erysiphales involve?

A

Junction between the epidermis and the dermis

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6
Q

What layer of the skin does cellulitis involve?

A

SQ tissue

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7
Q

What layer of the skin does impetigo involve?

A

Epidermis

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8
Q

What layer of the skin does ecthyma involve?

A

Epidermis

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9
Q

What is the cause of hand foot and mouth disease? Ssx?

A

Mild fever + flat, discolored macules and papules

Coxsackie virus (a picornaviridae virus)

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10
Q

What are the two most common causes of impetigo?

A

Strep pyogenes

Staph aureus

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11
Q

What is the most common cause of erysipelas?

A

Strep Pyogenes

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of folliculitis and fu

A

Staph Aureus

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13
Q

What are the two most common causes of cellulitis

A

Strep Pyogenes

Staph Aureus

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14
Q

What general type of bacteria cause skin infections?

A

Gram positive

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15
Q

Cat/dog bite cellulitis?

A

Pasteurella multocida

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16
Q

Cat scratch fever?

A

Bartonella Henselae

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17
Q

Wool sorter’s disease?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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18
Q

What are carbuncles?

A

Large furuncles (boils)

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19
Q

How do you distinguish between erysipelas and cellulitis?

A

Erysipelas has clear boundaries, whereas cellulitis does not

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20
Q

Hot tub folliculitis = ? What is the gram stain and morphology of this? Does it ferment lactose?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram negative rod
Does not ferment lactose

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21
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of proteus mirabilis? Urease positive? Aerobic or anaerobic? What type of motility?

A

Gram negative rod
Urease positive
Anaerobic
Swarming motility

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22
Q

Where along the leg does the great saphenous vein run?

A

Medial

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23
Q

What are the complications of tinea pedis?

A

May be an entry point for staph and/or strep to cause cellulitis

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24
Q

True or false: I and D is usually sufficient for treating abscesses

A

True

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25
What is the treatment for non-purulent cellulitis?
First gen cephalosporin
26
What is the treatment for purulent cellulitis? (2)
Vanco if MRSA | TMP-SMX
27
What is the treatment for hot tub folliculitis?
Self limited infection
28
What is the treatment for non-MRSA cellulitis?
First gen cephalosporin
29
What are the top three causes of necrotizing fasciitis?
- Group A strep | - Clostridium perfringens
30
What are the ssx of necrotizing fasciitis? (4)
- severe, constant pain - Bullous lesions - Gas in soft tissues - Rapid spread
31
What is the cause of gas gangrene?
Tissue trauma + infection of Clostridium perfringens
32
What is the morphology and gram stain of clostridium perfringens?
Gram positive rod | Anaerobe
33
What is the toxin released by Clostridium perfringens that causes the gas part of the gas gangrene? MOA?
alpha-toxin--inserts into cell membranes
34
What are the histological characteristics of sporothrix schenckii?
Septated hyphae
35
What is the gram stain and morphology of bacillus anthracis?
Gram positive boxcar rods with a proteinaceous capsule
36
What are the two toxins associated with bacillus anthracis?
Edema factors | lethal factor
37
What is the gram stain of francisella tularensis? Aerobic or anaerobic?
Gram negative rod | Aerobic
38
What are the risk factors for septic arthritis?
RA Steroid use DM
39
What is the route of spread for septic arthritis?
Hematogenous Direct inoculation Contiguous spread
40
What are the two most common causes of septic arthritis?
Staph Aureus | Coagulase negative staph (if prosthetic joint)
41
What is the bacteria that commonly causes septic arthritis 2/2 prosthetic joint replacement?
Coagulase negative staph
42
What is the most common joint that is affected with septic arthritis? Is it usually only one joint, or multiple?
Knee Usually just a single joint
43
What are the ssx of septic arthritis?
Fever | Joint erythema and TTP
44
What is hemarthrosis?
bleeding into joint spaces
45
What is the WBC level that is usually found in non-infected joints?
Less than 200
46
What are the features and WBC that are seen in inflammatory joints?
Cloudy/yellow | 2000-10000
47
What are the features and WBC that are seen in infected joints?
Purulent fluid | More than 60,000
48
What is the treatment for septic arthritis?
Systemic abx | Drain joint
49
What is the difference between RA and septic arthritis?
RA is multi arthritis
50
What is the culture that should be obtained for pts with painful, erythematous joints that you suspect may be caused by gonorrhea?
Cervical culture
51
Who usually gets disseminated gonococcal infections?
Sexually active adolescents and adults, usually less than 30 yo
52
What are the two systemic syndromes that gonococcal infections can cause?
Arthritis | Tenosynovitis
53
What is the treatment for N. Gonorrhea?
3rd gen cephalosporin
54
What is the treatment for staph aureus?
Nafcillin or 1st gen cephalosporin
55
What is the treatment for GAS?
PCN or cephalosporin
56
What is the duration of abx for septic arthritis?
2-4 weeks IV
57
What are the three ways to get osteomyelitis?
Hematogenous Contiguous Direct Inoculation
58
What defines acute vs chronic osteomyelitis?
Acute is less than 1 month | More than 1 month
59
What are the most common sources for acute vs chronic osteomyelitis?
``` Acute = IVDA, bacteremia Chronic = surgery, trauma ```
60
What are the common underlying factors for acute vs chronic osteomyelitis?
Rare for acute | DM or PVD for chronic
61
What is the treatment, generally, for acute vs chronic osteomyelitis?
``` Acute = medical Chronic = Surgery ```
62
What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis?
Staph aureus
63
What are the three best ways to diagnose osteomyelitis?
- Probe to bone - MRI - Bone biopsy
64
What is the best imaging modality for diagnosing osteomyelitis?
MRI
65
Puncture wound osteomyelitis = ?
Pseudomonas
66
What is the most common cause of treatment failure with osteomyelitis?
Lack of adequate debridement

Infectious Disease (18 decks)

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