Cell Components Flashcards
1
Q
True nucleus with nuclear membrane Linear DNA and RNA G and S phase replication Mitochondria and membrane bound organelle 80s ribosome (60s and 40s) Sterols in membrane
A
Eukaryote
2
Q
Plasmemma or plasma membrane
Trilaminar structure or unit membrane
Semi permeable
A
Cell membrane
3
Q
Responsible for cellular form and permeability properties
A
Phospholipid
4
Q
Act as receptors, ion pumps and enzymes
A
Proteins
5
Q
Traverses the cell membrane
A
Intrinsic protein
6
Q
Membrane proteins are globular and float like iceberg in a sea of lipid
A
Fluid Mosaic Model of Singer and Nicholson
7
Q
Extrinsic protein in hereditary spherocytosis
A
Spectrin
Ankyrin
Other extrinsic protein
Band3.1
8
Q
Diagnose hereditary spherocytosis
A
Osmotic fragility test
9
Q
Major role of plasmid
A
Encodes for exotin
Confers antibiotic resistance
10
Q
Pili function
A
attachment bacterial conjugation (transfer of genetic material)
11
Q
Cell recognition
Histocompatibility
A
Glycocalyx
12
Q
Largest organelle of the celle
Contains genetic material of organism
Chromatin
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope
Nucleoplasm
A
Nucleus
13
Q
Site of DNA replication and transcription of DNA into precursor RNA molecules
Contains all enzymes required for replication and repair of newly synthesized DNA
Transcription and processing of precursor DNA
A
Nucleus
14
Q
3 Zones of Nucleolus
A
Granular Zone/Pars granulosa
Maturing ribosome
Dense Fibrillar Zone/Pars fibrosa
Active zone
Fibrillar center
Inactive DNA
15
Q
Active zone of nucleolus
A
Pars Fibrosa
Dense fibrillar zone
16
Q
Site of protein synthesis
A
Rough endoplasmic reticulin
17
Q
Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis
Consists mainly of RNA and protein
A
Nucleolus
18
Q
Complex of DNA and proteins (histones)
Heterochromatin vs Euchromatin
A
Euchromatin - active
Heterochromatin -inactive
19
Q
Positively charged proteins important in forming the nucleosome and solenoid fibers in chromatin
A
Histone
20
Q
All but one X chromosome inactivated
A
Lyon hypothesis
21
Q
Disease with barr body
A
Klinefelter’s syndrome
47 XXY
22
Q
A patient with Klinefelter’s will have how many barr bodies
A
1
23
Q
How many barr bodies would a superfemale have
A
2
24
Q
Superfemale
47 XXX
A
Triple X syndrome
25
Supermale chromosomal make up
XYY
26
Immunofluorescence Appearance of DsDNA in SLE
Rim pattern
27
Command center of cell
Nucleus
28
Outer nuclear membrane is continuous with what other structure in the cell
ER
29
Form of chromatin most abundant
Euchromatin
30
Site of DNA transcription
Nucleus
31
Responsible for ribosomal RNA synthesis
Nucleolus
32
Form of chromatin transcriptionally inactive
Heterochromatin
33
Complex of DNA, histone and non-histone proteins
Chromatin
34
Barr bodies
Heterochromatin
35
Function of intercrystal space
Circular form of DNA, RNA
| Where Kreb’s cycle takes place
36
Outer membrane of mitochondria is
Porous
37
Inner membrane of mitochondria is
semipermeable
38
Principal biochemical activity of mitochondria
Oxidative phosphorylation
39
Disease associated with mitochondrial genome defect
Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic acidosis, and Stroke-like Episodes MELAS
40
Mitochondrial disease
Myoclonic epilepsy
Ragged red fibers
MERF
| Leigh Syndrome
41
Males with 47XYY because of extra Y
| Extra Y from patient’s father
Jacob syndrome
42
```
Lactic acidemia
Arrest of psychomotor development
Seizures
Hypotonia
Feeding problem
Extraocular palsies
```
Leigh syndrome
43
Myoclonus
Seizure
Myopathy
Ragged red fibers on biopsy
Myoclonic epilepsya and ragged red fibers (MERRF)
44
Synthesis of membrane phospholipid
Synthesis of steroid hormones
Drug detoxification
FA elongation
Calcium fluxes associated with muscle contraction
Metabolism of lipid soluble exogenous drugs and alcohol
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
45
Synthesis of secretory proteins, membrane proteins and lysosomal enzymes
Co translational modification of proteins
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
46
```
Processing
Concentration
Packaging of proteins
Post translational modification
Protein sorting
```
Stacks of membranous cisternae with CIS and TRANS face
Golgi apparatus
47
Golgi apparatus is important for
Glycosylation
Sulfation
Phosphorylation
Limited proteolysis of proteins
48
Contains their own set of DNA
Mitochondria
49
Site of post-translational modification
Golgi apparatus
50
Sequestration and release of calcium ions in striated muscle
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
51
Consists of large and small subunits
Free ribosome
52
Synthesis of steroid hormones, phospholipids and TAG
Smooth ER
53
Protein sorting and packaging
Golgi apparatus
54
Site of synthesis of secretory proteins, membrane bound protein and lysosomal enzyme
Rough ER
55
Involved in the production of cOA, TCA, beta oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation
Mitochondria
56
Drug detoxification
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
57
Very abundant in ovaries, tested and adrenals
Smooth ER
58
Abundant in neurons
Rough ER
59
Abundant in pancreas and thyroid
Rough ER
60
Abundant in red muscle fibers
Mitochondria
61
Site of protein synthesis destined for the nucleus, peroxisome and mitochondria
Free ribosome
62
Site of protein synthesis, synthesis of secretory proteins, membrane proteins and lysosomal enzymes
Rough ER
63
Involved in membrane cycling
Golgi apparatus
64
Round, electron dense bodies
| Digestive organelle of the cell
Lysosome
65
Cell’s garbage disposal system
Lysosome
66
Contains oxidative enzyme and synthesis of hydrogen peroxide
Peroxisome
67
Hydrolytic enzyme
Lysosome
68
Involved in beta oxidation of Long chain fatty acid
Peroxisome
69
Defective beta oxidation of long chain fatty a
| Peroxisomal disorder
Zellweger syndrome
70
Suicide bag
Lysosome
71
Peroxisome major enzyme
Catalase
72
participates in Bile acid synthesis
Peroxisome
73
Major enzyme in lysosome
Acid hydrolase
74
Peroxisome enzymes come from
free ribosome
75
Lysosomal enzyme is produced in the
RER
76
Carrier for long chain fatty acids so they can reach mitochondria from cytosol
L carnitine
77
Zellweger syndrome enzyme deficiency
Pipecolate oxidase
78
Glycogen storage disease involving a defect in lysosomal metabolism
Presents with cardiac failure
Muscle weakness
Pompe disease
| Glycogen storage Type II
79
Pome disease deficient enzyme
Acid maltase
80
Structural elements of cytoskeleton
Microfilament
Microtubule
Intermediate filament
81
Composed of fine strands of actin
| Diffusely scattered or arranged in bundles
Microfilament
82
Epithelial cells
SCC
adenocarcinoma
Cytokeratin
83
Endothelial cell
Vascular smooth muscle
Fibroblast, chondroblast
Vimentin
84
Skeletal and smooth muscle
Desmin
85
Neuron intermediate filament
Neurofilament
86
Glial cell (Astrocyte, oligodendroglia, microglia, Schwann, Ependymal, pituicytes)
Glial Fibrillat acidic protein
GBM GFAP+
87
Inner membrane of nuclear envelope
Laminins A, B, C
88
Intermediate filaments are utilized as
tumor markers
89
Dynamic structure of the cytoskeleton
Arises from the centrosome
Functions
attached to cellular organelles providing means
Microfilament
90
Microfilament function is inhibited by
Amanita mushroom toxin
alpha amanitin
Hemorrhagic hepatic necrosis
Amanita phalloides
91
ATPase activity for movement of vesicle (toward axon terminal)
ANTEROGRADE TRANSPORT
Microtubule associated proteins MAP
Cell body -> Axon
Kinesin
92
ATPase activity toward the minus end (cell body)
RETROGRADE TRANSPORT
Axon -> cell body
Dynein
93
ATPase activity for elongation of nerve axons
Dynamin
94
Dynein
Kartagener syndrome
| Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
95
Ciliary disorder comprising
sinus inversus/dextrocardia
chronic sinusitis
bronchiectasis
Kartagener’s syndrome
96
Drug of choice mediterranean fever
| Acute gout
Colchicine
Acts on microtubule of cell
97
Uricosuric drug banned from the market because it will mask banned substances in urine
Probenecid
98
Anti cancer drug acts on microtubules of cancer cells
Vinblastine
Vincristine
Taxane
99
Anti-cancer drug acting ob microtubule most toxic to bone marrow
Vinblastine will blast the bone marrow
100
Taxanes
Paclitaxel
Docetaxel
Mitotic inhibitors
101
What drug acts on microtubules of fungal cells as its MOA
Griseofulvin
102
Microtubule polymerization defect that results in decreased ability for phagocytosis
Failure of phagolysosome formation
Chediak Higashi Syndrome
103
Recurrent pyogenic infection
| Oculocutaneus Partial albinism
Chediak Higashi syndrome
104
Body seen in Chediak Hegashi
Remnant of ER
DOHLE bodies
105
Mutation of Chediak Higashi
LYST gene
| lysosomal trafficking regulator gene
106
Composed of actin
Microfilament
107
Circularly arranged a and b tubulin proteins
Microtubules
108
Demosntrate tissue specificity
| May be used as Pathologic marker
Intermediate filament
109
Thinnest of all cytoskeleton
Microfilament
110
Involved in spindle formation during mitosis and meiosis
Microtubule
111
Ciliary and flagellat movement
Microtubule
112
Muscle contraction
Microfilament
113
organising center for the growth of microtubules of the cytoskeleton
centrosome
114
Center of activities associated with cell division
Diplosome
Cartwheel configuration
9 triplets of microtubules
Centriole
