Cell Death Flashcards
(50 cards)
Three types of cell death-
Apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis
Necrosis-
largely unregulated; cells “blow up”. Release of cytosolic contents triggers inflammation
largely unregulated; cells “blow up”. Release of cytosolic contents triggers inflammation is called:
Necrosis
Apoptosis-
highly regulated; “programmed cell death”, frequently accompanied by orderly disposal of cell bodies by phagocytosis (neutrophils and macrophages)
highly regulated; “programmed cell death”, frequently accompanied by orderly disposal of cell bodies by phagocytosis (neutrophils and macrophages) is called:
Apoptosis
Autophagy-
highly regulated; actually a cell survival pathway
highly regulated; actually a cell survival pathway is called:
Autophagy
Blebbing-
membrane contained buds formed on cells undergoing apoptosis
membrane contained buds formed on cells undergoing apoptosis are called:
Blebbing
Caspases-
proteases which hydrolyze a large number of proteins during apoptosis
- MSTI (a kinase)- chromatin condensation - ICAD (an inhibitor of a DNase)- DNA cleavage - lamins- nuclear envelope breakdown - Rho kinase- actin cytoskeleton disruption - Cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion junctions- cell rounding and detachment - golgi and ER proteins- fragmentation of organelles - eIFs- translation arrest
proteases which hydrolyze a large number of proteins during apoptosis
- MSTI (a kinase)- chromatin condensation - ICAD (an inhibitor of a DNase)- DNA cleavage - lamins- nuclear envelope breakdown - Rho kinase- actin cytoskeleton disruption - Cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion junctions- cell rounding and detachment - golgi and ER proteins- fragmentation of organelles - eIFs- translation arrest
Caspases
Initiator caspases-
9,2,8,10; activated by proteolysis, found in apoptosome, PIDDosome, DISCs
9,2,8,10; activated by proteolysis, found in apoptosome, PIDDosome, DISCs are called:
Initiator caspases
Effector caspases-
3,7,9 also synthesized in inactive form, activated by proteolysis
3,7,9 also synthesized in inactive form, activated by proteolysis are called:
Effector caspases
Caspase cascades-
the substrates of caspases include themselves; once they are proteolytically activated, a caspase can cleave and activate other caspases; thus initiator caspases can activate effector caspases resulting in a great amplification of protease activity
Extrinsic pathway for apoptosis-
ligands, receptors, caspase activation mediate this route; involves signaling molecules of the Tumor Necrosis Factor family, ligand binding form scaffolding for adaptor proteins like FADD which activate and complex with caspases forming DISCs and trigger apoptosis
ligands, receptors, caspase activation mediate this route; involves signaling molecules of the Tumor Necrosis Factor family, ligand binding form scaffolding for adaptor proteins like FADD which activate and complex with caspases forming DISCs and trigger apoptosis
Extrinsic pathway
Intrinsic pathway for apoptosis-
mitochondria, apoptosomes and associated proteins mediate this route; involves damage or stress transmitted to mitochondria resulting in outer membrane pore opening (MOMP) and release of cytochrome C which complexes with APAF-1 and caspase 9 to form the apoptosome
mitochondria, apoptosomes and associated proteins mediate this route; involves damage or stress transmitted to mitochondria resulting in outer membrane pore opening (MOMP) and release of cytochrome C which complexes with APAF-1 and caspase 9 to form the apoptosome
Intrinsic pathway
Coupling of extrinsic and intrinsic pathways-
the two pathways can “cross talk”
Apoptosome-
cytochrome C, APAF-1, and caspase 9; complex for intrinsic pathway of apoptosis
cytochrome C, APAF-1, and caspase 9; complex for intrinsic pathway of apoptosis is called an:
Apoptosome
DISC-
Death Inducing Signaling Complex; composed of FADD and procaspase 8, component of extrinsic pathway of apoptosis
