Cell Growth And Division

Question 0

Asexual reproduction

Answer 0

Produces identical offspring from 1 parent

Question 1

Sexual reproduction

Answer 1

Produces genetically diverse offspring from 2 parents

Question 2

Sexual reproduction advantages/disadvantages

Answer 2

Advantages-changing environments

Disadvantages- it takes a long time to find a mate

Question 3

Asexual reproduction advantages and disadvantages

Answer 3

Advantages- stable environment, reproduce faster

Disadvantages- changing environments all organisms equally susceptible

Question 4

What is chromatin

Answer 4

Uncoiled DNA and proteins

Question 5

What must happen to chromatin before cell division

Answer 5

It must be packaged into chromosomes

Question 6

How are chromosomes formed in eukaryotes

Answer 6

DNA wraps around histomes

Only visible during cell division

Question 7

Prokaryote chromosomes

Answer 7

Single circular chromosome

Question 8

Eukaryotes chromosomes

Answer 8

Multiple linear chromosomes

Question 9

How many chromosomes are found in somatic cells

Answer 9

46
44 are autosomes
2 are sex chromosomes

Question 10

XX vs XY

Answer 10

XX is female

XY is male

Question 11

How many chromosomes do sex cells have

Answer 11

23

Question 12

What are the cell cycle stages

Answer 12

Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

Question 13

What regulates the cell cycle

How

Answer 13

Cyclin

As the amount of Cyclin rises, the cell goes into the next phase

Question 14

How did they discover cyclin

Answer 14

Injecting cyclin into non-dividing cells which then made spindle fibers

Question 15

Ex of internal regulators

Answer 15

Some don’t allow mitosis to begin until all chromosomes have been copied
Some don’t allow anaphase to begin until spindle fibers attach to each chromosome

Question 16

Why are growth factors important

Answer 16

They speed up cell division in embryonic development/ healing

Question 17

What is apoptosis and what is the process

Answer 17

Programmed cell death
Cell and chromatin shrink
Parts of the cell membrane break apart
Neighboring cells get rid of the remains

Question 18

What is cancer

Answer 18

A disorder in which some of the body cells loose the ability to control growth

Question 19

What is a tumor

Answer 19

A mass of cancer cells

Question 20

What are benign tumors

Answer 20

Cells remain in mass, normally harmless unless they became so large that they interfere with organs
Example: fibroid cysts

Question 21

Malignant tumors

Answer 21

Cells invade and destroy healthy tissue elsewhere in the body

Question 22

What is matastasis

Answer 22

The spread of cancer from its original source

Cells break away from original mass and travel to other parts of the body

Question 23

What is cancer categorized by

Answer 23

The type of tissue it affects

Question 24

Carcinomas

Answer 24

Grow in skin/ organ lining tissue | I.e. Lung and breast cancer

Question 25

Sarcomas

Answer 25

Tumors that grow in bone/ muscle tissue

Question 26

Lymphomas

Answer 26

Solid tumors that grow in tissues that form blood cells | Many cause leukemia

Question 27

What causes cancer

Answer 27

Mutations in genes that can occur spontaneously or due to carcinogens Some bacteria and viruses

Question 28

Treatments of cancer

Answer 28

Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy

Question 29

How to identify a mole

Answer 29

Asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving

Question 30

Why are cells small

Answer 30

1 information overload- not enough DNA to meet the demands of a large cell 2 surface area to volume ratio- cell can't get enough materials in and out

Question 31

Interphase

Answer 31

Longest stage divided into 3 parts

Question 32

G1

Answer 32

Growth, cell does its job(makes proteins)

Question 33

S (synthesis)

Answer 33

DNA is copied

Question 34

G2

Answer 34

Copies organelles

Question 35

G0

Answer 35

Non dividing phase

Question 36

Mitosis

Answer 36

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 37

Prophase

Answer 37

Chromatin could into chromosomes Nuclear membrane/ nucleoli a break apart Centrioles move to opp sides of cell and make spindle fibers which attach to each centromere

Question 38

Metaphase

Answer 38

Spindle fibers move chromosomes to line up in a single line called the equator

Question 39

Anaphase

Answer 39

Spindle fibers pull centromere apart allowing chromosomes to split apart Stops when they reach the poles

Question 40

Telophase

Answer 40

Me clear membrane/ nucleoli a reform, chromosomes uncoil into chromatin, and spindle fibers break apart

Question 41

Cytokinesis

Answer 41

Division of cytoplasm

Question 42

Cytokinesis in animal cells

Answer 42

Along cleavage furrow

Question 43

Cytokinesis in plant cells

Answer 43

Formed by a cell plate which is made by the Golgi apparatus

Question 44

End product

Answer 44

2 daughter cells