Darwin And evolution Flashcards
What were Darwins three observations
- species varied globally
- species varied locally
- species varied over time (fossils)
What was Darwins most famous stop
The Galapagos islands
What did Darwin notice about the land tortoises in Galapagos islands
On each island they had different shells
What did Darwin notice what’s different in the finches on the Galápagos Islands
They had different beaks
What is Darwins influence on people’s view
The fossil record had changed most people’s views that the world was only a few thousand years old and unchanged
Who is James Hutton
He propose that the earth is shaped by geological forces that occur slowly (gradualism)
What are some examples of gradualism
Mountains weathering away and the settlement from the mountain forming a new mountain
Who was Thomas Malthus
An English economist that wrote a book stating that babies are being born faster than people were dying
What did Thomas Malthus predict
That if the birthrates continued we would run out of resources
What is carrying capacity
The max number of individuals that a population can support
-Darwin believed this applied to animals and plants
Who was Jean Baptiste Lamark
He developed a hypothesis that acquired traits could be passed from parent to offspring
What is use and disuse
If a draft reaches into a tree, it’s neck will grow longer
Who was Charles Lyell
You wrote the principles of geology
What unifomatarianism
Must explain past events with processes we can observe now
-these events caused the earth to change gradually more overtime
What are two things Darwin learned from these men
If the earth changes the living things might change as well
If living things do change, it will take a long time
Who was Alfred Wallace
He sent Darwin a report explaining evolution that was nearly identical to Darwins theory
What was the origin of species
- A book published by Darwin which was his theory of evolution
- He wrote that organisms change over time as a result of natural selection
- he knew about artificial selection
What are two things required for natural selection
No two organisms are exactly the same and no to organisms are equal
What are adaptations
Any heritable characteristics that allows the organism to survive and reproduce
What is dissent with modification
The idea that each living species has descended with changes from other species overtimeand that they are linked by a common ancestor
What are the three types of natural selection
Stabilizing selection, directional selection, and disruptive selection
What is stabilizing selection
When the environment chooses the intermediate form of a trait
-birth rate
What is directional selection
When the environment chooses one extreme form of a trait
-woodpecker beak length
What is disruptive selection
When the environment Tuesday is both extremes of a trait
-lizard body size
