Ch 8/22/23

Question 0

What is an example of a plant that is mostly aquatic and lacks vascular tissue

Answer 0

Green algae

Question 1

What are three characteristics of plants

Answer 1

Contain cell walls, chlorophyll a and b, eukaryotes

Question 2

What states has only one set of chromosomes, which stage has two

Answer 2

Gametophyte has 1

Sporophyte has 2

Question 3

What are some examples of bryophytes

Answer 3

Moss, liverworts, and hornworts

Question 4

What is the difference between bryophytes and green algae

Answer 4

Green algae is mostly aquatic whereas bryophytes can live on land

Question 5

How do you green algae and bryophytes obtain water due to lack of roots

Answer 5

They grow in damp areas

Question 6

What is the dominant lifecycle in a bryophyte

Answer 6

Gametophyte

Question 7

What is alternation of generations

Answer 7

Memorize the chart

Question 8

Comparing contrast xylem and phloem

Answer 8

X- tissue that carries water from the roots to the shoots

P-tissue that transports sugar from the roots to the shoots

Question 9

What is the function of xylem and phloem

Answer 9

To help the plant grow taller

Question 10

What stage is dominant in vascular plants

Answer 10

Sporophyte

Question 11

What are some examples of seedless vascular plants

Answer 11

Clubmoss, horse tail, and ferns

Question 12

What is a seed

Answer 12

A plant embryo and food supply encased in a protective covering

Question 13

Comparing contrast both seed plants

Answer 13

Gymnosperms- cone contains seeds

Angiosperms- flowers contain seeds

Question 14

Know the difference between monocots and dicots

Answer 14

D- 2 seed leaves, usually 4/5 leaves, net like venation, 3 pores in pollen grain, xylem/phloem in bundles
M- 1 seed leaf, multiples of 3 leaves, parallel venation, 1 pore in pollen grain, xylem/phloem all over the place

Question 15

What is the function of dermal tissue

Answer 15

Protection and absorption

Question 16

What is vascular tissue composed of

Answer 16

Xylem and phloem

Question 17

What is the outermost layer of tissue

Answer 17

Dermal tissue

Question 18

Compare and contrast three types of cells in ground tissue

Answer 18

Parenchyma- thin cell wall, found in leaves, contain chloroplasts
Collenchyma- thicker cell walls(celery)
Sclerenchyma- thickest cell walls(seed coats)

Question 19

What are the functions of ground tissue

Answer 19

Produce and store sugar

Contribute to physical support

Question 20

What is the difference of apical and floral meristems

Answer 20

Apical- responsible for growth in length of roots/stems

Floral- responsible for growth of flowers

Question 21

What is the function of a meristem

Answer 21

Produce new cells through cell decision so the plant can grow

Question 22

What is the function of roots

Answer 22

Anchor plant and prevent soil erosion

Work with bacteria and fungi to absorb water and nutrients(symbiotic relationship)

Question 23

What are the types of roots where are they found

Answer 23

Taproots- found in dicots

Fibrous roots- found in monocots

Question 24

How do stems grow in length

Answer 24

Primary- apical meristems add length in cell elongation

Question 25

Describe secondary growth

Answer 25

(Increase in thickness), rare in non-wood monocots, the vascular cambium gives rise to new layers of xylem and phloem the secondary xylem is wood

Question 26

What does the vascular cambium do what does the cork cambium do

Answer 26

Vascular cambium-increases thickness in dicots by producing new xylem/phloem Cork cambium-make the cork for the tree bark

Question 27

How do you age a tree

Answer 27

Count the rings

Question 28

What is the difference between sapwood and hartwood

Answer 28

Sapwood- conducts water and has a light color | Heartwood- when xylem no longer conducts water, dark colored

Question 29

Describe the two types of mesophyll

Answer 29

Palisade mesophyll- absorbs light | Spongy mesophyll- contains air passages for gas exchange via the stoma

Question 30

What is the function of leaves

Answer 30

To absorb light and conduct photosynthesis

Question 31

What is the function of guard cells

Answer 31

To control the stoma (opening and closing)

Question 32

Explain how capillary action is responsible for transpiration

Answer 32

Capillary action brings water from the roots upwards and then is is excreted through the stoma and that is transpiration

Question 33

What is energy

Answer 33

The ability to do work

Question 34

Where does energy come from

Answer 34

Food

Question 35

What is the ultimate source of energy

Answer 35

The sun

Question 36

Distinguish between autotrophs and heterotrophs

Answer 36

A-make their own food plants are photo autotrophs | H- need to consume food for energy

Question 37

Where is energy stored in a molecule

Answer 37

The chemical bonds

Question 38

What does ATP consist of

Answer 38

Adenine, a 5 carbon sugar(ribose), and 3 phosphate groups

Question 39

What is ATP used for

Answer 39

To store and release energy

Question 40

What is the difference between ATP and ADP

Answer 40

ADP + P = ATP ( ADP is empty and ATP is full)

Question 41

How does ATP deliver energy

Answer 41

By breaking the bonds between the second and third phosphate

Question 42

What is the equation for photosynthesis

Answer 42

6(Co2) + 6(H2O) -light-> C6H12O6 + 6(O2)

Question 43

What did all of the scientist (name all three)

Answer 43

* Van Helmot- he concluded that plants take in water * Priestly- he concluded that plants release oxygen * Jan Ingenhousz- showed that plants require sunlight

Question 44

What is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that we can see

Answer 44

Visible light

Question 45

Why are plants green

Answer 45

Plants absorb everything but the green part of the spectrum which is reflected giving them a green color

Question 46

Why do plants turn brown in the fall

Answer 46

Because the chloroplasts which contain the photosynthetic pigments begin to deteriorate causing the accessory pigments to become visible

Question 47

What are the primary photosynthetic pigments

Answer 47

Chlorophyll a and b

Question 48

What are some examples of accessory pigments

Answer 48

Carotenoids

Question 49

What is the benefit of accessory pigments

Answer 49

They allow the plant to absorb more light for photosynthesis

Question 50

What is stroma, grana, and a thylakoid

Answer 50

Stroma- fluid in the chloroplasts Grana- stacks of thylakoids Thylakoids- pigments organized into photostems

Question 51

What is a photosystem

Answer 51

Protein structures in the thylakoid membrane that aid in photosynthesis

Question 52

Where does light reactions take place

Answer 52

The thylakoid membrane

Question 53

What happens in photosystems as they absorb light

Answer 53

The electrons are excited and jump from pigment to pigment until they reach the reaction center

Question 54

What is chemiosmosis

Answer 54

The process of creating ATP, ( hydrogen going through the ATP synthase)

Question 55

What are the products of light reactions

Answer 55

NADPH and ATP

Question 56

What is another name for the Calvin cycle

Answer 56

Light independent reactions/ dark reactions

Question 57

What happens in the Calvin cycle

Answer 57

Carbon from CO2 is bonded into organic compounds (carbon fixation)

Question 58

Where does the Calvin cycle occur

Answer 58

In the stroma of the chloroplasts

Question 59

What affects the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 59

* Light intensity- increases but plateaus * CO2- increases but plateaus * H2O- decrease in water slows photosynthesis * Temperature- increases speed until enzyme begins to deform