Cell Pathology Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
differentitate between lethal and sub lethal cell injury)
A
cell pathology,1
2
Q
How can stress change a cell)
A
cell pathology,1
3
Q
Summarise the genral process for cell injury to possible death)
A
cell pathology,1
4
Q
List the Eight Types of Cell Injury
A
cell pathology,1
5
Q
The cellular response to injury depends on:
A
cell pathology,1
6
Q
Consequences of an injurious stimulus depends on:
A
cell pathology,1
7
Q
List Four intracellular mechanisms that are particularly vulnerable to cell injury:
A
cell pathology,2
8
Q
Explain why you may not see particular cytomorphological changes in post-mortems
A
cell pathology,2
9
Q
1)Describe what happens in the following circumstances atrophy, hypertrophy , hyperplasia,dysplasia and metaplasia
A
cell pathology,2
10
Q
2) What is the key thing that shrinks cell or organ in atrophy
A
cell pathology,2
11
Q
3)State the general conditions that cause hypertrophy
A
cell pathology,3
12
Q
4)Subcategorise hyperplasia
A
cell pathology,3
13
Q
- cell pathology what is a popular way of defining cancer)
EOS4
A
cell pathology,3
14
Q
Give an example of metaplasia
A
cell pathology,3
15
Q
6)Describe relationship between metaplasia and dysplasia , give an example to illustrate your answer
A
cell pathology,3
16
Q
Describe and explain ( with a possible example )Light microscopic changes associated with reversible injury
A
cell pathology,4
17
Q
Describe what necrosis is , and describe anfd explain ( with possible the examples) the different types of necrosis
A
cell pathology,4
18
Q
Describe what an ulcer is
A
cell pathology,6
19
Q
Compare apoptosis to necrosis
A
cell pathology,6
20
Q
Descibe the causes of apoptosis
A
cell pathology,7
21
Q
Explain the Purpose of Apoptosis:
A
cell pathology,7
22
Q
State the role of the coroner)
A
cell pathology,8
23
Q
Describe / List Cases that must be reported to the coroner:
A
cell pathology,8
24
Q
Describe the role of the Coroner’s Autopsy
A
cell pathology,9
25
Compare need for consent in both coroners and hospital autopsies
cell pathology,9
26
E_xplain reasons for an autopsy_
cell pathology,9
27
**_Describe differences between Coroners' and Hospital Autopsy_**
cell pathology,9
28
**_The Coroner's only duty is to find out what the cause of death is(T/F)_**
cell pathology,10
29
**_Describe what is done with The Death Certificate_**
cell pathology,10
30
**_Describe and explain where necessary the Layout of a Death Certificate_**
cell pathology,10
31
**_Describe the 3 main causes of death in young people:_**
cell pathology,11
32
**_List the Natural and un-natural Causes of Sudden Unexpected Death and describe some of their features- second part to this don’t worry about that much)_**
cell pathology,11
33
**_Give the details of the different Types of Traumatic injuries_**
cell pathology,12
34
**_Give details of the cause of Cut and Stab Wounds_**
cell pathology,14
35
_Give the definitions of the following: **Inflammation**, **Acute Inflammation, Chronic Inflammation, Granulomatous Inflammation**_
cell pathology,16
36
**_List the Components of Inflammatory Response and Healing_**
cell pathology,17
37
Describe Cardinal Signs of Inflammation
cell pathology,17
38
**Des_cribe what Histamines are, how they are produced, and what they do. Give the details of what happens in their dysregualtion_**
cell pathology,17
39
**_For important mediators other than histamine, describe their function and the cells that produce them_**
cell pathology,18
40
_Name molecules that target the following inflammatory mediators: histamine, prostaglandins,_ _IL-1 and TNF_
cell pathology,18
41
**Explain two different circumstances that make advantage of the leaky Vessels**
cell pathology,18
42
**_Describe the Function of Exudate_**
cell pathology,18
43
**_Describe the Types of Exudate, and give examples where relevant_**
cell pathology,19
44
**_2)Describe the role of NEUTROPHILS in the acute inflammation_**
cell pathology,19
45
**_3)Where are Eosinophils and mast cells important in acute inflammartion_**
cell pathology,20
46
**_Describe the Control of the acute Inflammatory Reaction_**
cell pathology,20
47
Describe the Histological Features of Acute Inflammation
cell pathology,20
48
Describe the Evolution of Acute Inflammation to Chronic Inflammation
cell pathology,21
49
_Describe what happens in chronic inflammation , describe its causes , the cell cells involved and features and /or actions of the cells involved_
cell pathology,21
50
**_Describe the Histological Features of Chronic Inflammation_**
cell pathology,21
51
**_Describe the Histological Features of Granulomatous Inflammation_**
cell pathology,22
52
_Compare the major cells , molecules, effects , time features and outcomes of acute inflammation with that of chronic inflammation_
cell pathology,23
53
**_In Long Term Sequelae of Inflammation describe it s good and bad effects_**
cell pathology,23
54
**_Define the different types of Wound Healing_**
cell pathology,23
55
_Describe what happens in the wound repair subtype, resolution, and the conditions for this subtype._
cell pathology,23
56
_Describe what happens in the wound repair subtype **Repair,**_
_and the conditions for this subtype._
cell pathology,24
57
**_What hinders general and local repair during inflammation?_**
cell pathology,24
58
**_Describe Complications of Repair_**
cell pathology,24
59
**_Define the following the terms: Neoplasm, Parenchyma, Stroma_**
cell pathology,27
60
_Describe the principles behind naming tumours_
cell pathology,27
61
_Show how you can differentiate between benign tumours and malignant tumours_
cell pathology,27
62
_Describe and explain **Mechanisms of Invasion/Metastasis**_
cell pathology,28
63
_As part of the main epidemiological principles , state:_
_The most common cancers in men and women, the current trend for cancer, and countries where certain cancers are more common (don’t worry about this – don’t even know this is a card)_
cell pathology,28
64
_Describe biological hereditary and non-heriditary mechanism for cancer_
cell pathology,29
65
**_Describe the process of Carcinogenesis_**
cell pathology,30
66
Define carcinogen)-
cell pathology,30
67
_List the carcinogen classes_
cell pathology,30
68
_Give the details of three of the carcinogen classes, include mechanisms for causing cancer where relevant_
cell pathology,31
69
**_List the_** _FOUR classes of regulatory genes that can become compromised in oncology, describe them and state how they can become compromised , give examples where relevant_
cell pathology,31
70
_Explain what a parneoplastic syndrome is_
cell pathology,32
71
_Define what cachexia is_
cell pathology,33
72
**_Describe the Clinical Effects of Tumours_**
cell pathology,33
73
**Describe Diagnosis and Testing for cancer diagnosis**
74
**_Describe the Pathological Grading and Staging of Cancer_**
cell pathology,33
75
**_Describe current Prevention and Screening methods_**
cell pathology,34
76
define oedema
cell pathology ,34
77
_Describe the three forces involved in moving fluid from plasma to the interstitium_
cell pathology,35
78
**_Describe the Causes of Oedema_**
cell pathology,35
79
**_Explain the mechanism by which you can get different types of pulmonary oedema_**
cell pathology,35
80
* _Pulmonary oedema can only be chronic (T/F)_
cell pathology,35,F, _Pulmonary oedema can be chronic or acute_
81
* _Describe the main symptom of pulmonary oedema_
cell pathology,35
82
Describe the major consequence of oedema
cell pathology,35
83
**_Describe the different types of Cerebral Oedema cerebral oedema_**
cell pathology,36
84
**_Describe the consequences of cerebral oedema, and they stragtegies need to descrease the consequences_**
cell pathology,36
85
_Differentiate between osmolarity and osmolality_
cell pathology,36
86
_Describe what happens in generalised oedema , what is the name given to generalised oedema, how to tell if it is generalised oedema, and describe the consequences of generalised oedema_
cell pathology,36
87
**_Define Thrombosis_**
cell pathology,37
88
***_Describe and explain the causes of thrombosis_***
cell pathology,37
89
_Define ischaemia and infarction_
cell pathology,37
90
_Explain how cardiac thrombosis may form and describe any relevant consequences of cardiac thrombosis_
cell pathology,38
91
_Explain how cardiac thrombosis may form and describe and/or explain where relevant any consequences of cardiac thrombosis_
cell pathology,38
92
_Describe how venous thrombosis may form , sate risk factors and it complaication . Where do venous thromboses usually form_
cell pathology,38
93
**_Describe the FOUR fates of the thrombus:_**
cell pathology,38
94
Define embolus)
cell pathology,39
95
_what is the origination of the majority if emboli, and state the other possible compositions of emboli_
cell pathology,39
96
_Where do most **Venous Thromboembolisms originate and what is their most significant consequence**_
cell pathology ,39
97
_Explain consequences of **Pulmonary Embolism**_
cell pathology ,39
98
_Where do most **Arterial Thromboemboli**_ **_originate and what is their most significant consequence_**
cell pathology ,39
99
_Where do most **Cardiac Thromboemboli** **originate and what are their most significant consequences**_
cell pathology,39
100
define what a haemorrhage is
cell pathology , 40
101
what are the causes of a haemorrhage)
cell pathology ,40
102
* _Explain what a haematoma is_
cell pathology ,40
103
**_Descibe**_ _**how haemorrhages are classified(would not worry too much about this)_**
cell pathology ,,40
104
* _The result of a haemorrhage depends on:_
cell pathology , 40
105
_state the possible consequences of acute haemorrhage_
cell pathology ,40
106
in what sites can rupture of small vessel be fatal)
cell pathology ,40
107
_Describe consequences of the Formation of a **solid haematoma** within the cranial cavity_
cell pathology ,40
108
* how does chronic low grade haemorrhage usually present , give an example)
cell pathology ,40
109
**_Describe and explain Shock_**
cell pathology , 41
110
**_Give the relevant details of the FIVE Types of Shock_**
cell pathology ,41
111
***_Outline possible causes of ischaemia_***
cell pathology ,42
112
_Differentiate between red infarcts and white infarcts_
cell pathology ,42
113
**_Describe Factors influencing development of infarction:_**
cell pathology ,42
114
* _Describe the TWO Types of MI:_
cell pathology ,43
115
_Describe the features of myocardial infarction and small bowel infarction_
cell pathology ,43
116
_Describe the process of atheroscleorsis_
cell pathology ,43
117
**_Describe the TWO Types of Plaque from atherosclerosis_**
cell pathology ,44
118
**_List Important diseases caused by stable atherosclerotic plaques:_**
cell pathology ,44
119
**_List Important diseases causes by thrombosis overlying an unstable atherosclerotic plaque:_**
cell pathology ,44
120
**_List Complications of *Helicobacter pylori*_**
cell pathology ,45
121
**_Explain how Intestinal Metaplasia and Atrophy can occur due to a bacterial infection_**
cell pathology ,45
122
_Explain the role of ***Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer***_
cell pathology ,45
123
**_List three major outcomes of Atherosclerosis_**
cell pathology ,46
