cell size, surface area and volume formulas

Question 1

what does cellular metabolism depend on?

Answer 1

cell size

Question 2

what exits the cell and how?

Answer 2

cellular waste must leave

dissipate thermal energy

Question 3

what enters the cell?

Answer 3

nutrients and other resources/chemical materials

Question 4

a high surface area-to-volume ratio of a cell does what?

Answer 4

optimizes the exchange of material through the plasma membrane

Question 5

SA formula for spherical cells

Answer 5

4pir^2

Question 6

V formula for spherical cells

Answer 6

(4/3)pir^3

Question 7

SA:V ratio formula for spherical cells

Answer 7

SA/V

Question 8

SA formula for cuboidal cells

Answer 8

6S^2

Question 9

V formula for cuboidal cells

Answer 9

S^3

Question 10

SA:V ratio for cuboidal cells

Answer 10

SA/V

Question 11

problems with larger cells having a lower SA:V ratio

Answer 11

lose efficiency exchanging materials

cellular demand for resources increases

rate of heat exchange decreases

Question 12

plasma membrane function

Answer 12

separates internal cell environment from external environment

Question 13

what does it mean to say phospholipids are amphipathic?

Answer 13

hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails

forms a bilayer

Question 14

selective permeability

Answer 14

the ability of membranes to regulate the substances that enter and exit

Question 15

FLUID mosaic model

Answer 15

membrane is held together by weak hydrophobic interactions and can therefore move and shift

temp affects fluidity

unsaturated hydrocarbon tails help maintain fluidity at low temps; kinked tails prevent tight packing of phospholipids

Question 16

cholesterol function in the membrane

Answer 16

helps maintain fluidity at high and low temps

high temp: reduces movement

low temp: reduces tight packing of phospholipids

Question 17

fluid MOSAIC model

Answer 17

comprised of many macromolecules

Question 18

two major categories of proteins in the membrane

Answer 18

integral and peripheral

Question 19

integral proteins

Answer 19

proteins that are embedded into the lipid bilayer

aka transmembrane proteins

amphipathic

Question 20

peripheral proteins

Answer 20

proteins that are not embedded into the lipid bilayer

loosely bonded to the surface

Question 21

what are membrane carbohydrates important for?

Answer 21

cell-to-cell recognition

Question 22

glycolipids

Answer 22

carbohydrates bonded to lipids

Question 23

glycoproteins

Answer 23

carbohydrates bonded to proteins

most abundant

Question 24

what does the cell wall that plants have cover?

Answer 24

their plasma membranes

Question 25

extracellular structure because of cell wall provides:

Answer 25

shape/structure protection regulation of water intake

Question 26

what is the cell wall composed of?

Answer 26

cellulose

Question 27

plasmodesmata

Answer 27

hole-like structures in the cell wall filled with cytosol that connect adjacent cells