topic 1 quiz

Question 1

at the heart of science is blank

Answer 1

inquiry

Question 2

inquiry

Answer 2

search for information and explanation

Question 3

two main steps of inquiry

Answer 3

making observations

forming hypotheses

Question 4

making observations describes structures and processes through blank and blank of data

Answer 4

observation

analysis

Question 5

data

Answer 5

recorded observations

Question 6

qualitative data(/observations)

Answer 6

observations with senses

Question 7

quantitative data(/observations)

Answer 7

measured using instruments

Question 8

inductive reasoning

Answer 8

derive generalizations based on a large number of specific observations

Question 9

hypothesis

Answer 9

predication that can be tested by recording more observations or experiments

Question 10

forming hypothesis:

if

Answer 10

the manipulated variable

Question 11

forming hypothesis:

then

Answer 11

the responding variable

Question 12

forming hypothesis:

bc

Answer 12

optional explanation

Question 13

results can either blank or blank the hypothesis

NEVER SAY “the hypothesis is correct”

Answer 13

support

refute

Question 14

deductive reasoning

Answer 14

specific results are derived from general premises

Question 15

null and alternative hypotheses:

always start with a blank

Answer 15

null hypothesis

Question 16

null hypothesis (H0)

Answer 16

hypothesis which the researcher tries to disprove, reject, or nullify

the hypothesis that there is no difference between two groups of data, and the experimental observations are due to chance

Question 17

null and alternative hypotheses:

after the null, list the blank

Answer 17

alternative hypotheses

Question 18

do most scientific inquiries follow a perfectly structured form?

Answer 18

no

Question 19

scientists can be working with the wrong hypothesis and have to blank

Answer 19

redirect research

Question 20

hypothesis

Answer 20

an explanation to a question

tested by an experiment or continued observation

can be disproven, but cannot be proven true

Question 21

theory

Answer 21

summarizes a group of hypothesis

broader in scope

new hypotheses can be generated from it

support by massive body of evidence

laws=describes, theories=explain

Question 22

scientific law

Answer 22

statement of fact usually as a mathematical formula

ie newton’s law of gravity

describes an observation- not “how” or “why”

generally accepted to be true or universal

basis for scientific method

Question 23

experiments:

start with an blank and a blank

Answer 23

observation

hypothesis

Question 24

experiments:

use blank and blank groups

Answer 24

control groups (+ and/or -)
experimental

Question 25

well designed experiments should include:

Answer 25

independent variable (IV) dependent variable (DV) control group (+ and/or -) constants of trials (3 is min)

Question 26

variables vs constants: | variable

Answer 26

something that is changed in the exp

Question 27

variables vs constants: | constant

Answer 27

something that does not change throughout the exp

Question 28

independent variable

Answer 28

the one factor that is changed by the person doing the exp represents a quantity that is being manipulated in an exp

Question 29

dependent variable

Answer 29

the factor which is measured in the exp represents a quantity whose value depends on how the independent variable is manipulated

Question 30

constants

Answer 30

all the factors that stay the same in an exp

Question 31

examples of constants

Answer 31

temp, location, height, weight

Question 32

why is it important to ONLY change the independent variable?

Answer 32

if you measure a change in the dependent variable, you won’t know whether it is the independent variable that is causing the change

Question 33

experimental controls

Answer 33

control group (expected results) experimental group (experimental results)

Question 34

control groups: | controls are *blank* elements of an experiment

Answer 34

essential

Question 35

what do controls help eliminate?

Answer 35

experimental errors and biases of researchers

Question 36

results of the control exps *blank* statistical analysis of the exp

Answer 36

validate statistical analysis is necessary to determine whether or not data is significant reliability of the exp increases

Question 37

two types of controls

Answer 37

positive and negative

Question 38

positive controls

Answer 38

group not exposed to the experimental treatment or independent variable but it IS exposed to a treatment know to produce expected affect ensures there is effect when there should be an affect if the positive control does not produce expected result, there may be something wrong with the experimental procedure known/expected results

Question 39

negative controls

Answer 39

group not exposed to any treatment or exposed not exposed to a treatment that is known to have NO effect ensure there is no effect when there should be no effect group where nothing is expected to happen no/none results exps do not need to contain both negative and positive controls