Cell structure Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is the common features of animal cells?
nucleus cytoplasm cell membrane mitochondria ribosomes
What is the common features of plant and algal cells?
all features of animal cells, plus:
cell wall made of cellulose
chloroplast
a permanent vacuole filled with cell sap
What are the key features of bacterial cells?
cytoplasm
cell membrane
cell wall
genes that are not in distinct nucleus
What features do some bacteria have?
a slime layer to prevent drying out
flagella to help movement
plasmids which carry extra genetic material
What features to yeas cell have?
cytoplasm
cell membrane
cell wall
nucleus
How do yeast cells reproduce?
by asexual budding
What are specialised cells?
can carry out specific functions
What are specialised features of a muscle cell?
lots of mitochondria to carry out respiration
What are specialised features of a sperm cell?
streamlined shape and tail for swimming fast
middle section with many mitochondria for energy to swim
large nucleus contains genetic information
acrosome(chemical hat) filled with enzymes to allow sperm to enter the egg
What are specialised features of a root hair cell?
the root hair increases surface area for easy entry of water
a large permanent vacuole that increases speed of water movement from soil by osmosis
What are specialise features of a xylem cell?
spiral and rings of lignin make the cell strong and withstand pressure of water moving up the plant
support the steam
What are specialised features of a phloem cell?
tissues that transport food made by photosynthesis around the plant
do not die
use their mitochondria to transfer the energy needed to move food
What is the cells differentiation?
when cells become 1 type of cell designed for one specific job
What are stem cells?
cells that are undifferentiated
they can became any type of human cells
What are stem cells made?
in human, embryo
in adult, bone marrow
Name one condition that stem cells can treat.
paralysis
How do we calculate magnification?
magnification=size of image/ size of real object
How many micrometres are in a millimetre?
1000 micrometres
How many nanometers in a micrometer?
1000 nanometers
What is the resolving power?
a measure of the ability to distinguish between two separate points which are close together
What are the benefits of using an electron microscope over a light microscope?
it has much higher magnification and resolving power
