Organisation

Question 1

Give an example of where active transport occurs.

Answer 1

sugar molecules are absorbed from low to high concentration in the digestive system
mineral ions are absorbed by the root hair cells

Question 2

What is a tissue?

Answer 2

a group of cells which carry out the same function

Question 3

Give some examples of animal and plant tissues:

Answer 3

Animal: muscle,epithelial, glandular
Plant: palisade tissue in leaves for photosynthesis, xylem tissue which transports water

Question 4

Starting with the smallest, list the levels of organisation in a multicellular organism

Answer 4

cell
tissue
organ
organ system
whole organism

Question 5

What is an organ?

Answer 5

made of different type of tissues

Question 6

Give an example of an organ.

Answer 6

the stomach, made up of glandular, epithelial, and muscle tissue

Question 7

Describe the terms organ system and the key features of the digestive system

Answer 7

• glands, such as the pancreas and salivary glands, which produce digestive juices
• the stomach and small intestine, where digestion occurs
• the liver, which produces bile to be stored in the gall bladder
• the small intestine, where the absorption of soluble food occurs
• the large intestine, where water is absorbed from the undigested food, producing faeces

Question 8

What is digestion?

Answer 8

the chemical and mechanical breakdown of food into sugar, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol which can then be used by the cell to make new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

Question 9

What are enzymes?

Answer 9

proteins that are biological catalysts

Question 10

What are catalysts?

Answer 10

catalysts are molecule that increase the rate of chemical reaction

Question 11

What 2 factors can change an enzyme’s shape?

Answer 11

temperature and pH

Question 12

What has happened to an enzyme when it changes shape?

Answer 12

it is denatured

Question 13

What do digestive enzymes do?

Answer 13

they breakdown large food molecules into smaller ones

Question 14

Where are protease enzymes produced and what do they do?

Answer 14

Made in the:
-stomach
-pancreas
-small intestine
breaks down protein into amino acids

Question 15

What is the chemical name for stomach acid?What does it do to help digestion?

Answer 15

Hydrochloric acid-maintains the pH required for protease to work

Question 16

How does bile aid in digestion?

Answer 16

• it neutralises the stomach contents before it enters the small intestine
• it emulsifies fats so that it’s easier for the lipase to break down the fat