The heart and blood vessels

Question 1

What is blood?

Answer 1

a tissue and consists of a fluid called plasma in which red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are suspended

Question 2

What does red blood cells do, and how are they adapted to this?

Answer 2

carry oxygen from the lungs to the organs.

they have no nucleus and are packed full of haemoglobin

Question 3

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 3

help protect the body from infection- make antibodies, engulf bacteria and make antitoxins

Question 4

What are the three main vessels?

Answer 4

arteries
veins
capillaries

Question 5

What do arteries do?

Answer 5

carry oxygenated blood around the body, from the hearth

Question 6

What do veins do?

Answer 6

carry deooxygenated blood back to the

Question 7

What do capillaries do?

Answer 7

form a huge network of blood vessels between the arteries and veins

Question 8

What is a double circulatory system?

Answer 8

are operated by the heart:

• one carried deoxygenated blood to the lungs
• one carries oxygenated blood to body organs

Question 9

What are the names of the four main chambers on the heart?

Answer 9

left atria right atria

left ventricle right ventricle

Question 10

Explain what happens during a heart beat.

Answer 10

force blood into the ventricles.The ventricle contract and force blood out of the heart.The valves ensure the blood flows the correct way.

Question 11

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 11

layers of fatty materials build up inside the coronary arteries, narrowing them.With reduced oxygen being supplied to the heart it cannot work properly=heart attack

Question 12

What can be used to treat coronary heart

Answer 12

Stents-are used to keep coronary arteries open

Question 13

What are leaky valves?

Answer 13

when heart valves become faulty they can either not properly open or close

Question 14

How can leaky valves be treated?

Answer 14

Faulty heart valves can be replaced with animal valves or mechanical valves

Question 15

What happens if the heart completely fails?

Answer 15

Heart can be transplanted.Artificial heart can keep patients alive whilst waiting for a heart transplant or help the heart to rest as an aid to recovery

Question 16

How is air made to move into the lungs?

Answer 16

the ribcage moves out and up and the diaphragm becomes flatter. This increases the volume in the chest, lowering the pressure and drawing air in.

Question 17

How are the lungs adapted for gaseous exchange?

Answer 17

the alveoli provide a very large surface area and a rich supply of blood capillaries.