Cell Structure (+ microscope)

Question 1

Two types of microscopes are?

Answer 1

electron and compound

Question 2

Light microscope is an example of which microscope type?

Answer 2

compound

Question 3

How is the total magnification of the image calculated?

Answer 3

multiply the power of the two lenses

Question 4

If given the size magnified and given total magnification, how do you find actual size of cell?

Answer 4

magnified divided by total magnification

Question 5

Whats the function of the eyepiece lens?

Answer 5

magnifies the image

Question 6

Whats the function of the nosepiece?

Answer 6

holds objective lenses

Question 7

Whats the function of obejctive lens?

Answer 7

magnifies the image, 3 levels eg: x4, x10, x40

Question 8

Whats the function of the clips?

Answer 8

holds slide in place

Question 9

Whats the function of the stage?

Answer 9

supports slide once placed on

Question 10

Whats the function of the condenser?

Answer 10

focuses light onto the slide

Question 11

Whats the function of the diaphragm?

Answer 11

adjusts the amount of light shining on the slide

Question 12

Whats the function of the light/mirror?

Answer 12

supply light to the slide

Question 13

Whats the function of the stage height adjuster?

Answer 13

let stage be moved up and down

Question 14

Whats the function of the coarse focus knob?

Answer 14

approximately focusing

Question 15

Whats the function of the fine focus knob?

Answer 15

for precise focusing

Question 16

What does TEM and SEM stand for?

Answer 16

transmission electron microscope
scanning electron microscope

Question 17

What does continuity of life mean?

Answer 17

all cells arise from other pre-existing cells

Question 18

Ultrastructure definition?

Answer 18

the structure of a cell seen under an electron microscope

Question 19

Protoplasm definition?

Answer 19

all living parts of a cell

Question 20

Cytoplasm definition?

Answer 20

living material in a cell, outside the nucleus

Question 21

Name the parts of the cell present in animal and plant cells.

Answer 21

cell membrane
cytoplasm
mitochondria
ribosomes
nucleus
nucleolus
nuclear pores
DNA
vacuole

Question 22

Name the 2 parts in plant cells only.

Answer 22

chloroplasts
cell wall

Question 23

Definition of prokaryotic?

Answer 23

do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

Question 24

Definition of eukaryotic?

Answer 24

have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Question 25

Example of a prokaryote?

Answer 25

bacteria

Question 26

Example of a eukaryote?

Answer 26

animals plants fungi protista

Question 27

Unicellular means?

Answer 27

a single celled organism

Question 28

Example of something unicellular?

Answer 28

bacteria, amoeba

Question 29

Multicellular means?

Answer 29

more than one cell

Question 30

Example of something multicellular?

Answer 30

plants, animals

Question 31

Give 3 differences between plant and animal cells.

Answer 31

CELL WALL plants have, animals do not CHLOROPLASTS (CHLOROPYLL) plants have, animals do not LARGE VACUOLE plants have, animals do not

Question 32

What is a cell?

Answer 32

is the smallest unit of living matter that exhibits the characteristics of of life

Question 33

The cell wall is made of what? What is it an example of?

Answer 33

cellulose, which is a structural polysaccharide

Question 34

Is the cell wall not permeable, semi permeable, fully permeable...?

Answer 34

it is fully permeable

Question 35

Cell wall function?

Answer 35

gives strength and support, prevents bursting

Question 36

Where is the cell membrane located for (a) animal cells and (b) plant cells?

Answer 36

a) surrounding cytoplasm b) found between the cytoplasm and cell wall

Question 37

What is cell membrane composed of? What is it called?

Answer 37

phospholipids and proteins the bilayer

Question 38

Is the cell membrane not permeable, semi permeable, fully permeable...?

Answer 38

selectively/semi - permeable

Question 39

Give 4 functions of the cell membrane

Answer 39

- retains cell contents - gives support to animal cells - has recepters - controls movement of substances in and out of the cell***

Question 40

What are vacuoles?

Answer 40

membrane bound sacks within cytoplasm (surrounded by a membrane)

Question 41

Vacuoles are surrounded by what and within what?

Answer 41

surrounded by a membrane, within cytoplasm

Question 42

What do vacuoles do for plants?

Answer 42

gives cells strength storage for food/waste

Question 43

Permanent vacuoles are always found in _____ cells, temporary vacuoles can be found in some _____ cells but not all.

Answer 43

plant animal

Question 44

What do vacuoles store?

Answer 44

water and sugar

Question 45

Vacuoles remove what?

Answer 45

waste

Question 46

Are vacuoles larger or smaller in plant cells? (compared to animal cells).

Answer 46

larger

Question 47

What is the control centre of the cell?

Answer 47

nucleus

Question 48

Nucleus contains?

Answer 48

DNA, RNA

Question 49

Nucleus is surrounded by what with what?

Answer 49

by a nuclear membrane with nuclear pores

Question 50

Nuclear membrane with nuclear pores allows the passage of?

Answer 50

some molecules into and out of the nucleus

Question 51

Ribosomes are made in?

Answer 51

nucleolus

Question 52

When are chromosomes called chromatin?

Answer 52

when they are elongated and not dividing

Question 53

Where is DNA present in the nucleus?

Answer 53

the chromosomes

Question 54

What are organelles?

Answer 54

structures with membranes that carry out specific functions in a cell

Question 55

What does mitochondria supply to cells?

Answer 55

energy

Question 56

The mitochondira has cristae (infoldings), what does this allow?

Answer 56

increased energy production

Question 57

Why can't you see mitochondria with a light microscope?

Answer 57

too small to be seen

Question 58

Where are there large amounts of mitochondria, why?

Answer 58

liver and muscle cells as they require a lot of energy

Question 59

Does mitochondria contain DNA?

Answer 59

yes (each mitochondrion has its own loop of DNA)

Question 60

Where is the site of respiration in a cell?

Answer 60

mitochondria

Question 61

what organelle is the site of photosynthesis (in plant cells)?

Answer 61

chloroplast

Question 62

What is the name of the pigment in chloroplast? What colour is it?

Answer 62

green pigment called chlorophyll

Question 63

What does chlorophyll do?

Answer 63

absorbs light energy, giving plants their green colour

Question 64

Can you see chloroplast under a light microscope?

Answer 64

no, too small to be seen

Question 65

Does chloroplast contain DNA?

Answer 65

yes

Question 66

Ribosomes are the location for what?

Answer 66

protein synthesis

Question 67

Ribosomes are composed of?

Answer 67

RNA and proteins

Question 68

Function of mitochondria*?

Answer 68

releases energy from glucose

Question 69

Function of ribosomes*?

Answer 69

make proteins

Question 70

Chloroplast function*?

Answer 70

photosynthesis