Vegetative Propagation

Question 1

Defintion of vegetative propagation?

Answer 1

is sexual reproduction in plants

Question 2

What does vegetative propagation not involve?

Answer 2

gametes, flower, seeds, fruit

Question 3

Natural vegetative propagation involves forming new plants from?

Answer 3

a stem, root, leaf, bud

Question 4

How many methods of natural vegetative propagation are there?

Answer 4

4

Question 5

Name the methods of natural vegetative propagation.

Answer 5

stem
root
leaf
buds

Question 6

What are runners?

Answer 6

horizontal stems that run or grow above ground from which new plants grow

Question 7

Give an 2 examples of runners.

Answer 7

strawberries, buttercups

Question 8

What are stems internodes like?

Answer 8

usually long

Question 9

What form at each node for stem?

Answer 9

buds

Question 10

What’s a root tuber?

Answer 10

a swollen underground root (with starch) that remains dormant during winter from which new plants may grow

Question 11

Give 2 examples of root tubers.

Answer 11

dahlia, sweet potatoes

Question 12

The sexual reproduction with the method leaf is very common in what plant?

Answer 12

cactus

Question 13

How does the method of leaf work?

Answer 13

leaves of some plants will readily grow into new plants if they become detached from the parent plant

Question 14

What is a bulb?

Answer 14

a modified bud

Question 15

Example of a bulb/modified bud?

Answer 15

onion, daffodil, tulip

Question 16

A bulb/modified bud contains an underground what with what attached?

Answer 16

underground stem with numerous leaves attached

Question 17

Describe each leaf in terms of buds and bulbs.

Answer 17

each leaf is swollen with stored food (starch mainly)

Question 18

The centre of the bulb has?

Answer 18

an apical bud

Question 19

What can the apical bud produce?

Answer 19

leaves and a young flower

Question 20

Where are lateral buds located?

Answer 20

between the stem and each leaf

Question 21

What is located between the stem and each leaf?

Answer 21

lateral buds

Question 22

Lateral buds develop where?

Answer 22

develop in the axil between a petiole and a stem

Question 23

How many methods of artificial vegetative propagation are there?

Answer 23

4

Question 24

Name the methods of artifical vegetative propagation?

Answer 24

cuttings
grafting
layering
micropropagation

Question 25

Definition of cuttings?

Answer 25

parts of a plant are removed from the parent plant and grown into a new, independent plant

Question 26

Examples of cuttings are?

Answer 26

buzy lizzie, willow

Question 27

For cuttings how is the shoot cut? And what is it treated with?

Answer 27

at an angle and treated with rooting powder

Question 28

Why is the shoot treated with rooting powder during cuttings?

Answer 28

to speed up root formation

Question 29

Why might some leaves be removed from a cutting?

Answer 29

to reduce water loss

Question 30

Will plants produced by cuttings be similar other different to parent?

Answer 30

similar

Question 31

Is propagation: expensive or cheap? simple or complex?

Answer 31

its simple and cheap

Question 32

What is grafting?

Answer 32

the joining and uniting of part of one plant with a second plant / used to combine useful qualities or traits from two different plants into one plant

Question 33

Name a plant you can graft?

Answer 33

eating-apple trees to crab-apple plants

Question 34

What must happen for a graft to be succesfful?

Answer 34

the graft has to achieve a good contact (between the growth areas, meristems and vascular tissues of both plants)

Question 35

What is layering?

Answer 35

the growth of a new plant from a stem that is still attached to the parent plant

Question 36

How is layering done? Give 2 plant examples.

Answer 36

a branch of a parent plant is bent down and covered in soil, except for the tip, eg: blackberries, roses

Question 37

In layering, what do: the covered part form? the exposed tip form?

Answer 37

covered part forms roots and the exposed tip forms new shoots

Question 38

Over time what will happen the two plants (layering)?

Answer 38

they will separate

Question 39

What is micropropagation?

Answer 39

the growth of plants from small pieces of tissues under sterile conditions on a specifically selected medium / involves growing large numbers of plants from small plant pieces

Question 40

What is micropropagation also called?

Answer 40

tissue culturing

Question 41

In micropropagation, new plants are grown from? Taken from where

Answer 41

single cells taken from a parent plant

Question 42

In micropropagation, the cells or small pieces of plant tissues are grown on what? Give eg.

Answer 42

artificial medium, eg: agar

Question 43

What is callus?

Answer 43

when the growing cells form a group of similar cells

Question 44

What is added in micropropagation to the cells or small pieces of plant tissues growing on an artificial medium?

Answer 44

nutrients and growth regulators

Question 45

In micropropagation, what does callus develop into?

Answer 45

small plant with shoots and roots

Question 46

Micropropagation can be used to grow what? Whats an issue with it?

Answer 46

orchids, it is expensive

Question 47

Whats the main advantage of sexual reproduction?

Answer 47

the offspring possess variations

Question 48

What are 4 advantages of sexual reproduction in plants?

Answer 48

- offspring show variations from parents (allowing evolution). - some plants may be resistant to disease. - there is less competition due to seed dispersal. - some seeds may remain dormant in the soil.

Question 49

What are 4 advantages of asexual reproduction in plants?

Answer 49

- simple process. - no outside agents are needed. - rapid growth. - no waste.

Question 50

What are 4 disadvantages of sexual reproduction in plants?

Answer 50

- complex process. - may depend on outside agents, eg: for pollination and dispersal. - slow growth of the youth plants to maturity. - wasteful, eg: petals, nectar, pollen, fruit.

Question 51

What are 4 disadvantages of asexual reproduction in plants?

Answer 51

- no variations. - if one plant is susceptible to a disease then all plants are susceptible. - there is overcrowding and competition. - no seeds are formed (no dormant structures in soil).