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Sam - Biology > Structure of Flowering Plants > Flashcards

Structure of Flowering Plants Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Name the 3 types of roots.

A

tap, fibrous, (adventitious)

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2
Q

Describe tap roots. Give eg of a tap root.

A

one main root which develops from the radicle
Eg: dandelion

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3
Q

Describe fibrous roots. Give eg.

A

many equal sized roots develop from the base, the radicle dies away.
Eg: grasses

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4
Q

Fibrous roots are mostly common in?

A

monocots

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5
Q

Describe adventitious roots. Give eg.

A

roots that do not develop into the radicle.
Eg: fibrous roots, roots at the base of an onion

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6
Q

4 functions of roots?

A
  • anchorage
  • absorb water and mineral through the root hairs into the xylem
  • transport materials to shoots (in the phloem)
  • store food in some plants (carrot, turnip, radish)
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7
Q

Name the 4 zones in a root.

A

protection, cell production/meristematic, elongation, differentiation

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8
Q

Describe the zone of protection.

A

the root cap protects the cells as it pushes through the soil

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9
Q

Describe the zone of cell production/meristematic zone.

A

new plant cells produced here by mitosis,
apical meristems are found in the root tip and in the shoot tip

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10
Q

Describe the zone of elongation.

A

cells get bigger in size by using growth regulators such as auxins

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11
Q

Describe the zone of differentiation.

A

where cells develop into 3 types of tissue (dermal, vascular, ground)

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12
Q

What 3 tissue types are there from zone of differentiation?

A

dermal, ground, vascular

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13
Q

Describe dermal tissue.

A

protects the plant (has epidermis)

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14
Q

Describe vascular tissue.

A

Transports Materials (composed of xylem and phloem)

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15
Q

Describe ground tissue.

A

provides support, found between xylem and phloem

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16
Q

What is a meristem?

A

where mitosis can occur

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17
Q

Definition of herbaceous plants?

A

do not contain wood (lignin)

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18
Q

What are woody plants?

A

contain wood (lignin)

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19
Q

A node is?

A

the point on a stem at which the leaf is attached

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20
Q

An internode is?

A

part of the stem between two nodes

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21
Q

What is a bud?

A

a potential growth point that may develop into a shoot, leaf or a flower

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22
Q

What is a lenticel?

A

an opening on a stem for gas exchange

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23
Q

Eg of a herbaceous plant?

A

daffodil

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24
Q

Eg of a woody plant?

A

chestnut tree

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25
Whats the apical bud?
the tip of the stem
26
What is the axil?
the angle between the leaf and the stem
27
Whats a petiole?
the stalk of the leaf
28
4 functions of stems?
- support the plant - transport water and minerals upwards from the roots to the leaves and flowers - transport food downwards from leaves to roots - may store food
29
What is lignin?
a fibre found in cell walls which supports the plant and helps transport materials, eg: water
30
Apical dominance is?
when the apical bud produces growth regulators, these inhibit meristematic tissue from undergoing mitosis, as a result no side branches form. if you remove the apical bud you remove apical dominance resulting in a low bushy plant with side branches forming
31
4 functions of leaves?
- make food (photosynthesis) - lose water (allowing transpiration occur) - exchange gases with the atmosphere - store food (lettuce/cabbage store starch in their leaves)
32
Leaves are attached to stems at a X?
node
33
The thin flat part of the leaf is the?
lamina
34
LAMINA 1) the thinness allows for? 2) the flatness provides?
1) rapid diffusion of gases 2) a large surface area making it well suited for absorbing light
35
Regarding lenticels in how they are the openings allowing gas exchange, what things go in and out?
oxygen out carbon dioxide in water out
36
Name the 2 types of venation.
parallel net/reticulate/branched
37
Venation meaning?
the pattern of veins in a leaf
38
Parallel venation example? Is it dicot or monocot?
eg: grasses, daffodils. monocots
39
Net venation example? Is it dicot or monocot?
eg: roses, buttercups. dicots
40
Describe parallel venation.
the veins run alongisde each other
41
Describe net venation.
the veins are branched
42
Name the 3 tissues.
dermal, vascular, ground
43
Function of dermal tissue?
protection (from pathogens and water loss)
44
Epidermis refers to what tissue type?
dermal
45
Ground tissue carries out?
photosynthesis
46
2 ground tissue functions?
stored food and waste, supports and strengthens the plant
47
Vascular tissue consists of?
xylem and phloem
48
Main function of vascular tissue?
transport...
49
LS stands for?
longitundal section
50
TS stands for?
transverse section
51
Xylem is made up of what two types of cells?
vessels and tracheids
52
Is xylem a living or dead tissue?
dead
53
Function of xylem?
transports water/minerals, support
54
Why is xylem considered dead?
living content dies before maturity (no nucleus)
55
What type trees are xylem tracheids found in?
coniferous
56
Xylem vessels form the what in trees?
wood
57
Give 5 points on why xylem is good at it's job.
- narrow - thick walls - continuous tube - no cell contents - water attracted to the walls
58
Xylem is often found in?
vascular bundles
59
Is phloem living or dead? Why?
living, as companion cells are alive
60
Name 2 types of phloem.
sieve tubes, companion cells
61
Function of phloem?
transport food
62
What is a cotyledon?
a seed leaf
63
Monocotyledons are? An eg?
one seed leaf, eg: grasses, daffodils
64
Dicotyledons are? An eg?
two seed leaves, eg: broad bean, peanuts
65
Give 4 differences between xylem and phloem, then 5 structural differences.
X P carries water minerals v carries food dead v living has lignin v no lignin no companion cells v has them --------------------------------------------------------- no nuclei v nuclei in companion cell continuous tube v not continuous no sieve plates v sieve plates pits v no pits vessels/trachoids v none
66
Function of root hairs?
absorption
67
In a TS root, vascular tissue is located where?
centre
68
In a TS stem, xylem is located where?
centre
69
In TS of a stem, whats difference between vascular bundles arrangement in monocots and dicots?
monocot = scattered dicot = arranged in a ring
70
Difference between leaves in dicots and monocots?
monocots - long, narrow dicots - broad
71
Difference between venation in dicots and monocots?
monocots - parallel veins dicots - network of veins
72
Difference between flower parts in dicots and monocots?
monocots - multiples of 3 dicots - multiples of 4 or 5

Sam - Biology (41 decks)

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