Cells

Question 1

All cells come from

Answer 1

Pre-existing cells

Question 2

What occurs in cells

Answer 2

Metabolism

Question 3

What does the plasma membrane have

Answer 3

A phospholipid bilayer with a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic lipid tail

Question 4

What alters the fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 4

Cholesterol as the hydrophobic tail becomes kinked

Question 5

What is the model use for the plasma membrane

Answer 5

Fluid Mosaic model

Question 6

What is special about the plasma membrane

Answer 6

It is selectively permeable to allow passive and active diffusion

Question 7

What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum have

Answer 7

Ribosomes

Question 8

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

Site of fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis

Question 9

Golgi apparatus function

Answer 9

Sorts proteins and lipids by recognising tags encoded within the protein, it is the site of post-translational modification

Question 10

What are the three regions in the Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

Cis (same), medial (middle), trans (away)

Question 11

Lysosomes contain

Answer 11

A battery of degrative enzymes and it has a pH of five

Question 12

Peroxisome function

Answer 12

Has enzymes which break down fatty acids and amino acids by generating hydrogen peroxide (catalase neutralises hydrogen peroxide)

Question 13

Peroxisome contains

Answer 13

A crystalline container of catalase

Question 14

Mitochondrion function

Answer 14

Aerobic degradation of glucose

Question 15

What are the membranes of the mitochondrion

Answer 15

The inner which has a large number of Christae and the outer which is permeable to Porins (facilitates transport)

Question 16

Mitochondrion proton gradient

Answer 16

Pi + ADP -> ATP

Question 17

Cytoskeleton function

Answer 17

Involved in mitosis, provide support, enable cellular locomotion, acts as a highway for intracellular vesicles, control shape of cell

Question 18

What are the three sections of the cytoskeleton

Answer 18

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

Question 19

What are the two microfilaments

Answer 19

Actin filament and the G actin and the F actin which stick together

Question 20

The actin filament has a

Answer 20

+ and – Ends, The filament grows more at the + end

Question 21

Acton and myosin cause

Answer 21

Muscle contraction

Question 22

Intermediate filaments have

Answer 22

Keratin, lamins (nucleus) and neurofilament proteins

Question 23

Microtubules function

Answer 23

They provide structural mobility as they microtubules can go and shorten, they are also used in transport medium

Question 24

Microtubules have

Answer 24

Alpha and beta tubulin

Question 25

Why are stem cells good

Answer 25

They divide indefinitely and are not differentiated

Question 26

What is in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 26

Capsule, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nucleoid, flagellum, plasma membrane, peptidoglycan, outer membrane, cell wall

Question 27

Eukaryotic cells have

Answer 27

Mitochondrion, cytoskeleton, nucleus, nucleolus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, centrioles, peroxisome, free ribosomes

Question 28

Prokaryote vs eukaryote cell size

Answer 28

2 micro meters, 10-100 micro meters

Question 29

Amount of dna- prokaryote vs eukaryotes

Answer 29

136mm, 990mm

Question 30

Number of genes prokaryote VS eukaryote

Answer 30

4377, 30–38000

Question 31

DNA organisation prokaryote VS eukaryote

Answer 31

One circular chromosome in nucleoid, two or more chromosomes in membrane-bound nucleus

Question 32

Organelles in prokaryote VS eukaryote 

Answer 32

None, Extensive and specialise