Viruses

Question 1

What is the viral Genome encapsulated in

Answer 1

Capsomere

Question 2

Virus size

Answer 2

From 15nm to 0.5 micro metres

Question 3

Viral latency

Answer 3

Virus lies dormant within a cell

Question 4

Viral pathogenesis

Answer 4

Process by which a viral infections cause disease

Question 5

Requirements for infection

Answer 5

Enough virus, cells accessible, susceptible and permissive, local anti-viral defence absent or overcome

Question 6

What is the most common route of entry for a virus

Answer 6

Respiratory tract – by aerosolise droplets from coughs/sneeze/saliva

Question 7

Alimentary tract

Answer 7

Eating/drinking- an extremely hostile environment, virus must be evolved to with stand it

Question 8

The Urogenital tract is protected by

Answer 8

Mucus and a low pH

Question 9

The eye and entry routes for bacteria

Answer 9

Through the Sclera and conjunctiva- Infection occurs after injury/ophthalmology procedures

Question 10

Skin outer layer the epidermis doesn’t support

Answer 10

Infection

Question 11

Localised viruses are called

Answer 11

Disseminated

Question 12

When many organs are affected by viruses it is called

Answer 12

Systemic

Question 13

What is haematogenous spread

Answer 13

Where the virus enters the blood e.g. measles

Question 14

What is viremia 

Answer 14

Presence of virus in the blood e.g. influenza, polio

Question 15

What is neural spread

Answer 15

Viral entry into local nerve endings they invade the central nervous system e.g. polio virus, rabies

Question 16

What is neurotropic

Answer 16

Virus can infect neural cells

Question 17

What is tissue tropism

Answer 17

Tissues are affected by viruses

Question 18

What is pantropic

Answer 18

Can invade many different tissues e.g. ebola

Question 19

Determent of tissue tropism include

Answer 19

Cellular protease involved in maturation of virions

Question 20

What is viral virulence

Answer 20

How bad is it going to get – the significance of the disease

Question 21

What is LD50

Answer 21

Lethal dose 50 is quantitative- how long the appearance of symptoms have been, the mean time of death since infection, measurement of fever

Question 22

If the virus can replicate quicker and spread more effectively it increases the

Answer 22

Virulence

Question 23

Genius and as affects the variance because we send out

Answer 23

Virokines and viroceptors

Question 24

Virus host interactions stops

Answer 24

Virus hijacking as the cells and virus both evolve

Question 25

Zoonotic viruses spread from

Answer 25

Animals to humans

Question 26

Tests for viruses

Answer 26

Use a microscope or culture Detection of Antibody mounted against the virus or viral proteins of nucleic acid- Immunofluorescent and Elisa test Automation and random access analyser Viral nucleic acid detection- PCR 

Question 27

How do you prevent the spread of viral disease

Answer 27

Use PPE, gloves and masks, vaccines, chemoprophylaxis, immunoprophylaxis, social intervention, hygiene

Question 28

Seven stages of virus replication

Answer 28

``` Adsorption Entry Uncoating Transcription – mRNA production Synthesis of virus components Virgin assembly and release (liberation stage) Adsorption  ```

Question 29

Horizontal transmission

Answer 29

Between members of the same species

Question 30

Zoonotic transmission

Answer 30

Between members of different species

Question 31

Latrogenic

Answer 31

Activity of healthcare worker leads to infection or patient

Question 32

Nosocomial

Answer 32

When an individual is infected while in hospital or healthcare facility

Question 33

Vertical transmission

Answer 33

Transfer of infection between parent and offspring

Question 34

Germline transmission

Answer 34

Agent is transmitted as part of the genome