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BIOSCI107 - 2021 > Cells and Tissues: Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Cells and Tissues: Connective Tissue Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Connective Tissue equation

A

CT = ECM + Cells

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2
Q

Extra Cellular Matrix

A

made of ground substance and protein fibres (secreted by ECM cells), structure of ECM dictates tissue qualities

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3
Q

Ground Substance

A

Composed of Water, proteins, polysaccharides (sugars) i.e. glycosaminoglycans. join with core proteins = proteoglycans

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4
Q

Glycosaminoglycans sulphated

A

Sulphated examples - dermatan, heparin, keratan, chondroitin sulphate bind to form proteoglycans

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5
Q

Glycosaminoglycans non-sulphated acid + characteristics

A

Hyaluronic acid - is not sulphated nor covalently bonded.

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6
Q

Glycosaminoglycans trap water to make GS what?

A

more jelly like!

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7
Q

function of Hyaluronic acid

A

binds cells, lubricates joints, maintains eyeball shape

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8
Q

Hyaluronidase function and production

A

Produced by white blood cells, sperm and bacteria - makes ground substance more liquid

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9
Q

Chondroitin Sulphate use

A

Support, provide adhesive features of cartilage, bone, skin, blood vessels

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10
Q

Karatan Sulphate use

A

found in bone, cartilage, cornea

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11
Q

Dermatan Sulphate use

A

found in skin, tendons, blood vessels, heart valves

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12
Q

three different types of connective tissue fibres

A

collagen, reticular, elastic

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13
Q

Collagen Fibres

A

strong + flexible, 25% of body, parallel bundles - bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments

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14
Q

Reticular fibres

A

collagen fine bundles coated in glycoprotein, made by fibroblasts, strength and support, part of basement membrane, thinner branches through tissue forming networks - nerve fibres, smooth muscle tissue

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15
Q

Elastic Fibres

A

Thinner than collagen fibres, protein elastin surrounded by glycoprotein fibrillin for more strength+stability, stretched 150% no break - skin, blood vessels and lung

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16
Q

Marfan syndrome

A

elastic fibres defect, chromosome 15 - fibrilin, transforming growth factor beta 1/20000

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17
Q

two common connective tissue cells types

A

Fibroblasts, Adipocytes (fat cells)

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18
Q

Fibroblasts

A

widely distributed connective tissue, migratory - secrete matrix components fibres and GS

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19
Q

Adipocytes (fat cells)

A

Under skin around organs - store triglycerides

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20
Q

Macrophages (histiocytes) wandering

A

Phagocytic cells, wandering CT to infection,inflamation,injury

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21
Q

Macrophages (histiocytes) fixed LUNGS

A

dust cells

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22
Q

Macrophages (histiocytes) fixed LIVER

A

Kupffer cells

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23
Q

Macrophages (histiocytes) SKIN

A

Langerhan’s cells

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24
Q

Plasma Cells

Study These Flashcards
A
  • form b-lymphocytes (antibodies)

- CT sites i.e. lung, salivary glands, lymph nodes, spleen, red bone marrow

25
Mast cells
Histamine to dilates vessels - alongside blood vessels
26
Leucocytes
white blood cells i.e. neutrophils, eosinphils - from blood
27
two connective tissue classifications
Embryonic, mature
28
Mesenchyme (embryonic)
the OG made from mesenchymal cells, semi-fluid GS of reticular fibres
29
Mucous
Mucous CT scattered fibroblasts in GS, supports Umbilical cord
30
Loose connective tissue AREOLAR
loose areaolar, three types of fibres present - collagen, reticular and elastic - widely distributed
31
Loose connective tissue ADIPOSE
loose, Adipocytes dominant, central triglyceride droplet, found with areolar CT, insulation, energy source, temp control
32
Connective tissue RETICULAR
thin reticular fibre network (thin type of collagen), stroma of liver, spleen, lymph nodes, stroma of organs, bunds smooth muscle cells, filters & removes worn-out blood cells in spleen; microbes in lymph nodes
33
Dense REGULAR connective tissue
Tendons (m - b), Ligaments (b - b), aponeuroses (m - m), regularly arranged collagen, shiny white, Colfib not living tissue, slow healing, attachment
34
Dense IRREGULAR connective tissue
made of col fib irregularly arranged w/ fibroblasts, located reticular dermis, periosteum of bone - tensile strength
35
Dense ELASTIC connective tissue
mainly elastic fibres w/ fibroblasts between them, lung tissue, trachea, walls of elastic arteries, stretching of organs, strong, recoils to original shape
36
supporting CT: Hyaline Cartilage
lots, weak resilient gel with fibres not obvious. - anterior ends of ribs, respiratory cartilage - flexibility and movement
37
Compact bone
- many rod shaped units osteons or haversian systems - cortical bone - outer layer of bone - shaft of long bones
38
Spongy Bone
- porous inner bone lies under compact bone - cancellous bone - lacks osteons
39
Compact bone
- many rod shaped units osteons or haversian systems - cortical bone - outer layer of bone - shaft of long bones - protection and support
40
Spongy Bone
- porous inner bone lies under compact bone - cancellous bone - lacks osteons - produces blood cells (red marrow) - stores triglycerides (yellow)
41
four bone cell types
- Osteogenic cells - osteoblasts - osteocytes - osteoclasts
42
Osteogenic cells (goes to blast) 1-2
- mesenchymal stem cells - lays down collagen then gets trapped - becomes osteoblasts
43
Osteoblasts (goes to cytes) 2-3
- bone-forming - lay down more collagen - bone mineralization process starts
44
Osteocytes (goes to clasts) 3-4
- mature bone cells - trapped in extracellular matrix - maintina bone tissue - exchange of nutrients and waste - have gap junctions
45
Osteoclasts 4
- large - multinucleated - formed from monocyte (blood) fusing - break down bone
46
four parts of compact bones osteon
1. lamellae 2. lacunae 3. canaliculi 4. central (Haversian) canal
47
Where are osteons aligned?
lines of bone stress e.g long axis of bone shaft
48
Osteon structure: Lamellae (1)
- concentric rings of mineral salts for hardness (onion) | - made of calcium phosphate + calcium hydroxide make hydroxyapatite and collagen (tensile strength)
49
Osteon structure: Lacunae (2)
- Small spaces between lamellae containing mature bone cells (osteocytes)
50
Osteon structure: Canaliculi (3)
- "minute canals" radiate from lacunae | - provide routes for O2, nutrients and waste
51
Osteon structure: Central (Haversian) canal (4)
- doughnut hole | - for blood, lymphs and nerves
52
4 asts that assist in bone building/breaking down
Osteoclasts - reabsorb desd bone Chondroblasts -lay down hyaline cartilage callus Osteoblasts - lay down new bone Osteoclasts - remodel new bone
53
Liquid connective tissue
Blood plasma (liquid ECM) and formed elements (red + white cells and platelets)
54
two phagocytic, engulfing bacteria
Neutrophils and monocytes (macrophages)
55
two cells that release substances (e.g. histamine) that intensify inflammatory reaction
Basophils (mobile) and mast cells (immature circulate; mature fixed)
56
what are eosinophils useful for
Parasitic worms, acute allergic response
57
Lymphocytes are involved in?
Immune response
58
what transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
Erythrocytes
59
what helps blood with clotting
Platelets (from megakaryocytes in red marrow)

BIOSCI107 - 2021 (10 decks)

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