Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOSCI107 - 2021 > CSF: Harvesting Chemical Energy > Flashcards

CSF: Harvesting Chemical Energy Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

why do we have ATP

A

is powers cellular network - is our energy currency (cashmoney)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

building up

A

anabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

breaking down

A

catabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ATP cycle definition

A

the transfer of energy between complex and simple molecules in the body with ATP as the mediator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

conversion of glucose to ATP 4 main steps

A
  1. glycolysis
  2. pyruvate oxidation
  3. critic acid cycle (or Krebs cycle)
  4. electron transport chain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

major categories of fuel (3)

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • fats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Carbohydrates broken down to what fuel

A

simple sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

proteins broken down to what fuel

A

amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

fat broken down to what fuel

A

simple fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where does glycolysis occur

A

cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what three processes occur in the mitochondria

A
  1. pyruvate oxidation
  2. citric acid cycle
  3. oxidative phosphorylation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is glycolysis

A

glucose to pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is pyruvate oxidation

A

acetyl CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is oxidative phosphorylation

A

electron transport and chemiosmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where is pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle

A

in the matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where is oxidative phosphorylation

A

across inner membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

glycolysis and citric acid cycle occur at

A

substrate level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

oxidative phosphorylation occurs at what level?

A

oxidative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation electrons via?

A

NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

citric acid cycle to oxidative phosphorylation electrons via?

A

NADH and FADH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

is oxygen required for glycolysis?

A

oui

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

glycolysis break down?

A

the lysis of glucose to produce two pyruvate molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ATP in the energy investment stage of glycolysis

A

2 ATP are invested

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ATP in the energy payoff stage of glycolysis

A

4 ATP are produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
products in the net stage of glycolysis
2 ATP and 2NADH are produced (net)
26
does pyruvate oxidation require oxygen
yes!
27
what does the pyruvate oxidation stage produce?
- NO ATP - 1 NADH per pyruvate (or 2 glucose) - 1 CO2
28
what does the acetyl CoA enable? (going into citric acid cycle)
2 carbon acetyl group to enter citric acid cycle
29
what 4 products does the citric acid cycle produce
- 2 ATP - 6 NADH - 2FADH2 - 4CO2 (Per glucose)
30
does citric acid cycle require oxygen?
yes, it is aerobic process
31
what two molecules are electron donors in the transport chain?
FADH2 and NADH
32
series of reactions =
product of the first reaction is the substrate for the next
33
what does the citric acid cycle complete
extraction of energy from glucose
34
how much ATP does glycolysis produce per glucose?
2 net ATP per glucose
35
how much ATP does pyruvate oxidation produce per glucose?
no ATP
36
how much ATP does citric acid cycle produce per glucose?
2 ATP per glucose
37
how does Substrate phosphorylation generate ATP
by direct transfer (from a substrate) of a phosphate group to ADP
38
how do glycolysis and citric acid cycle make ATP
via substrate phosphorylation
39
how does oxidative phosphorylation generate ATP
the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 and the transfer of electrons and pumping protons
40
does electron transport chain require oxygen?
oui its aerobic
41
what two proteins are oxidized and how many electrons do they donate/gain
- NADH & FADH2 | - donate 1 or 2 electrons
42
how do electrons transfer in the chain?
protein-to-protein
43
what happens at each protein in the electron transfer chain?
each electron gives up a little energy, this enables H+ ions to be pumped into the inter-membrane space
44
what does oxygen do to the electrons in the transport chain?
"pulls" electrons down the chain and is then the 'final electron acceptor' where its reduced to water
45
hydrogen rush down what chemiosmosis
down the concentration gradients
46
when the hydrogen goes down the intermembrane gradient what happens?
the turbine within ATP synthase to turn
47
what does the synthase turbine turning do?
enables the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP
48
how many ATP are produced during chemiosmosis
26 or 28 ATP
49
what stages make up oxidative phosphorylation?
Electron transfer chain and chemiosmosis
50
is oxygen required for ETC and chemiosmosis?
yes, oxygen is the final electron acceptor
51
what does cyanide do in oxidative phophorylation?
blocks passage of electrons to O2 = death of cell
52
how many (maximum) ATP are produced by one glucose?
30-32 ATP per glucose
53
What other sources (other than glucose) can we get ATP from?
fats, proteins and more complex carbohydrates generate ATP
54
what enters glycolysis and citric acid cycle at different points?
monomers
55
what is rate limiting for glycolysis
Phosphofructokinase
56
what produces insulin?
Beta cells in islets of langerhans pancreas
57
function of insulin
promote glucose uptake into cells for ATP production and liver storage
58
what produces glucagon?
alpha cells in islets of langerhans in pancreas
59
function of glucagon?
stimulates break down of glycogen to increase blood sugar levels
60
three things that happen when you lose insulin?
- no glucose in cells - no ATP from glucose - no glycogen stored
61
what is it called when the ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin is impaired?
Diabetes mellitus
62
what does diabetes mellitus result in?
- abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates - elevated glucose levels - 7mmol/L fasting
63
Type 1 diabetes otherwise known as
insulin-dependent diabetes - requires insulin replacement
64
type 1 diabetes causes
- beta cells of pancreas destoryed; no insulin production | - often autoimmune, genetic or through environmental factors
65
who gets type 1 diabetes/when
- 5-10% of diabetics | - onset in children or adolescents
66
Type 2 diabetes otherwise known as
non-insulin-dependent diabetes
67
type 2 diabetes causes
body produces insulin, receptors are just not functional (insulin resistance)
68
who gets type 2 diabetes/when
- >90% diabetics are type 2, usually usually over 40 | - linked to obesity
69
two symptoms of diabetes are
- significantly increased hunger | - significant weight loss

BIOSCI107 - 2021 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions