Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOSCI107 - 2021 > Special Lectures: Embryology > Flashcards

Special Lectures: Embryology Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

the first event of human development

A

fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the step after fertilization

A

cleavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the step after cleavage

A

blastula formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the step after blastula formation

A

gastrulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the step after gastrulation

A

organogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the step after organogenesis

A

embryonic folding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

whats the main function of fertilization?

A

to have 2 haploid cells fuse to make a diploid cell ( n + n = 2n)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what process to sperm undergo in fertilization and why

A

they undergo capacitation, they lose inhibitory molecules making them swim faster and chemotactic and thermostatic - heat-seeking the fertilization site.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the cell called when egg and sperm properly fuse

A

a pronuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when does first cleavage occur

A

30 hours after fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what cells multiply in the cleavage stage

A

blastomeres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens when the blastomere cells cleave

A

the mass does not get larger, mutliple cells become smaller filling the same space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what occurs at day 4 of this

A

the cluster of cells is called morula - raspberry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how many cells make up a blastocyst

A

4-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why is a blastocyst different to a blastomere

A

blastocysts are densely packed, have a cavernous inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the names for the inside and outside cells in a blastocyst?

A

inner cells - embryoblasts

outer cells - trophoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

blastocyst

A

a specifically mammalian blastula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

blastula

A

general term used in any organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

when does implantation occur

A

6 days after fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what happens if the egg implants in the uterine tube? why is this bad?

A

ectopic pregnancy - embryo cant form a placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what landmark event marks the start of the second week of development?

A

development of the trophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what do the trophoblast cells do during this stage?

A

outer cells will form the placenta and extra embryonic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

two types of trophoblast cells

A

syncytiotrophablast cells and cytotrophoblast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what do these trophoblast cells excrete help with

A
  • produce enzymes that help the embryo implant and bury into the endometrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what hormone do these trophoblast cells excrete
human chorionic gonadotropin - pregnancy test in urine
26
what do these trophoblast cells give rise to?
embryo side of placenta - chorionic villi (fetal placenta)
27
during the development of the bilaminar embryonic disc, what are shown in blue
epiblasts - rise to ectodermal tissue
28
during the development of the bilaminar embryonic disc, what are shown in yellow
hypoblasts - rise to endodermal tissue
29
what starts to form in the bilaminar embryonic disc
amnion and amniotic cavity
30
what starts forming 9 days after fertilization
development of amnion and yolk sac
31
what is the function of the amnion? (5pts)
- protects baby - fluid filled - regulates temperature - prevents embryo drying out - prevents tissue sticking to surfaces
32
aminocentesis test
checks for infections, mutation, and overall fetus health with shed skin in amnionic sack
33
what provides nutrients in the first few weeks
yolk sac (pre-placenta)
34
what type of germ tissue and what will the yolk sack eventually form?
endodermal tissue, helps form gut
35
what network forms and why?
lacunar network forms to link the maternal blood supply
36
whats the benefits o connecting baby to mums blood supply
- nutrient supply - waste removal - gas exchange
37
when does the yolk sac form
around day 12
38
what stage occurs at the end of the second week?
gastrulation
39
what attaches to the embryo in gastrulation
connecting stalk
40
in gastrulation, there is the development of the
primitive streak
41
describe the movement of the concentration gradient
cells from outer ectodermal layer on dorsal side moving in and under (invagination) towards future anterior end
42
gastrulation results in the beginning of
the mesodermal layer
43
what process forms after gastrulation
notochordal process
44
what is the location/what is notochordal process
new mesodermal, rod of cells in new mesodermal layer (under primitive streak)
45
what is the function of the notochordal process?
instructs other cells what to do by induction (inducing cells) a kind of juvenile cell communication
46
what is signalled in the notochodral process
neuronal tissue is signaled to thicken and begin neural plate
47
3 germ layers
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
48
ectoderm is
outside, usually blue, forms outside structures - skin, nervous tissue
49
mesoderm is
middle, usually red, forms middle structures like dermis, skeletal system, muscular
50
when does the mesoderm begin to form
during gastrulation
51
endoderm is
inside, usually yellow, forms the gut, thyroid
52
neurolation is the beginning of
organigenisis (organ formation)
53
backbone =
notochord
54
what does the neural plate do in the neurolation stage
neural plate folds up and forms neural folds which join and sink under ectodermal layer forming a tube
55
the tube formed by neural plate folds is called
neural tube - starts the backbone
56
the notochord (backbone) signals what to start what
the lateral mesoderm to start the formation of somite structures
57
somites are the start of?
ribs, skeleton, muscle of neck and back
58
the stage after neurulation
embryonic folding
59
what folds and why in embryonic folding
lateral side folding as amniotic cavity pinches yolk sac and then surrounds embryo
60
what will the yolk sac become
the gut
61
what else begins to be formed during embryonic folding
umbilical chord
62
what does the cell transition to in embryonic folding
2D to 3D
63
what is the role of pharyngeal arches
give rise to head and neck structures
64
why is hollow blastocyst important
hollowness allows cells to re-orient

BIOSCI107 - 2021 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions