Cells, food tests and specialisation (paper1) Flashcards

1
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

Make protein

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2
Q

What do the mitochondria do?

A

Makes energy and respiration happens here

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3
Q

What does the cytoplasm do?

A

Fills the cell

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4
Q

What do the nuclear pores do?

A

Allows things to pass freely to and from the nucleus

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5
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

Allows things to pass to and from the cell

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6
Q

What does the nuclear membrane do?

A

Keeps the nucleus together

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7
Q

What does the nucleus do?

A

Controls the cell

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8
Q

What does the vacuole do?

A

Storage space that contains the cells nutrients

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9
Q

What do chloroplasts do?

A

Contain chlorophyll and photosynthesis happens here

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10
Q

What are bacteria?

A

Prokaryotes with no nucleus

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11
Q

What does the slime coat do?

A

Allows the bacteria to move quicker

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12
Q

What does a bacteria contain?

A

Chromosomal and plasmid DNA

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13
Q

What is on the back of a bacteria?

A

Flagellum(tail)

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14
Q

Where are villi found?

A

The small intestine

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15
Q

What is an adaptation of a villi?

A

Increased surface area to absorb more

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16
Q

Does villi have a rich blood supply?

A

Yes

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17
Q

In a sperm cell, what is acrosome?

A

Something that contains special enzymes that help it burrow and fuse with egg cell

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18
Q

What does a sperm have a lot of?

A

Mitochondria so it can release a lot of energy

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19
Q

What does an egg cell have surrounding it?

A

A hard jelly substance that hardens when fertilised and acts as a shock absorber

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20
Q

What does the ciliated epithelial cell do?

A

Helps move the egg in the oviduct and helps move mucus in airways

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21
Q

What’s a plasmid?

A

A genetic structure in a bacteria that can replicate the chromosomes

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22
Q

What do both sperm and egg cells have?

A

23 chromosomes(haploid)

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23
Q

What’s a haploid?

A

A cell having one set of unpaired chromosomes

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24
Q

What’s a diploid?

A

A cell having two complete sets of chromosomes

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25
What's a body cell?
Diploid
26
What can a fertilised egg cell be called?
Zygote
27
What process is the egg cell made in?
Meiosis, a body cell splitting and halving its chromosomes
28
What do the nutrients in the egg cell help?
Cell division after fertilisation
29
What's the magnification formula?
Total magnification=objective lens x eye piece lens
30
What's after the total magnification?
Size seen in mm divided by magnification
31
What test is used to find starch?
Iodine solution
32
What test is used to find simple carbohydrates(sugars)?
Benedicts solution
33
What test is used to find protein?
Birvet solution(sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate)
34
What test is used to find fat?
Ethanol emulsion
35
What is energy measured in?
Joules or kilojoules
36
What is the formula for energy released?
Energy released per g= mass of water x change in temp x 5.2 divided by mass of food
37
What's the best place to count energy?
Calorimeter
38
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts
39
What do catalysts do?
Speed up the rate of a reaction
40
What's a substrate?
Polymer
41
What's a product?
Monomer
42
What does amylase break down?
Starch
43
What does trypsin break down?
Protein
44
What's in an enzyme?
An active site
45
What happens in the active site?
It breaks down or builds up a substrate that fits in(lock and key)
46
What temp does an enzyme work best at?
Body temp
47
What happens to an enzyme after it reaches its optimum temp?
The rate of breaking down goes down as the active site starts to denature
48
What is amylases optimum temp?
37c
49
What indicator can we use to see the concentration of something?
Phelolphthalei
50
The higher the concentration the quicker the what?
The quicker the time it takes to diffuse
51
What is osmosis?
The movement of water from a high gradient to a lower.
52
In diffusion/osmosis, the particles go down a what?
Concentration gradient
53
Over what do particles move?
A semi permeable membrane
54
A solvent flows from a what to a more concentrated one
A dilute solution of solute
55
What can a membrane also contain?
A special protein pump
56
What can be actively transported into a root cell?
Minerals suck as nitrates and phosphates
57
What does the active transport require?
Energy
58
What does active transport act against?
A concentration gradient
59
What are the types of stem cells
Adult and embryonic
60
What's a specialised cell
A cell with a particular job
61
At what age are embryonic stem cells obtained
3-4 days
62
How can stem cells help in medicine
They can be transplanted into a faulty blood system in a leukaemia patient to make healthy blood cells
63
What's a prokaryote
A cell with a nucleus
64
What's a eukaryote
A cell without a nucleus
65
What affects the detail of the image in a microscope
It’s resolution
66
What can help us see specimens more clearly
Stains
67
What is the use of the flagellum
So the bacteria can move
68
What type of dna do bacteria have
One loop of chromosomal dna and a few small loops of plasmids
69
What does chromosomal and plasmid dna do in bacteria
Controls its activities
70
What do bacteria do to get energy
Release digestive enzymes into their environment then absorb digested food into their cells
71
What is protein made out of
Amino acids
72
What is starch made out of
Glucose molecules
73
What are lipids made out of
Fatty acids and glycerol
74
Building larger molecules from smaller subunits is called what
Synthesis
75
What does the coverslip do
Hold it flat and in place, and stops it form drying out