Cells, food tests and specialisation (paper1)

Question 1

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 1

Make protein

Question 2

What do the mitochondria do?

Answer 2

Makes energy and respiration happens here

Question 3

What does the cytoplasm do?

Answer 3

Fills the cell

Question 4

What do the nuclear pores do?

Answer 4

Allows things to pass freely to and from the nucleus

Question 5

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 5

Allows things to pass to and from the cell

Question 6

What does the nuclear membrane do?

Answer 6

Keeps the nucleus together

Question 7

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 7

Controls the cell

Question 8

What does the vacuole do?

Answer 8

Storage space that contains the cells nutrients

Question 9

What do chloroplasts do?

Answer 9

Contain chlorophyll and photosynthesis happens here

Question 10

What are bacteria?

Answer 10

Prokaryotes with no nucleus

Question 11

What does the slime coat do?

Answer 11

Allows the bacteria to move quicker

Question 12

What does a bacteria contain?

Answer 12

Chromosomal and plasmid DNA

Question 13

What is on the back of a bacteria?

Answer 13

Flagellum(tail)

Question 14

Where are villi found?

Answer 14

The small intestine

Question 15

What is an adaptation of a villi?

Answer 15

Increased surface area to absorb more

Question 16

Does villi have a rich blood supply?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

In a sperm cell, what is acrosome?

Answer 17

Something that contains special enzymes that help it burrow and fuse with egg cell

Question 18

What does a sperm have a lot of?

Answer 18

Mitochondria so it can release a lot of energy

Question 19

What does an egg cell have surrounding it?

Answer 19

A hard jelly substance that hardens when fertilised and acts as a shock absorber

Question 20

What does the ciliated epithelial cell do?

Answer 20

Helps move the egg in the oviduct and helps move mucus in airways

Question 21

What’s a plasmid?

Answer 21

A genetic structure in a bacteria that can replicate the chromosomes

Question 22

What do both sperm and egg cells have?

Answer 22

23 chromosomes(haploid)

Question 23

What’s a haploid?

Answer 23

A cell having one set of unpaired chromosomes

Question 24

What’s a diploid?

Answer 24

A cell having two complete sets of chromosomes

Question 25

What's a body cell?

Answer 25

Diploid

Question 26

What can a fertilised egg cell be called?

Answer 26

Zygote

Question 27

What process is the egg cell made in?

Answer 27

Meiosis, a body cell splitting and halving its chromosomes

Question 28

What do the nutrients in the egg cell help?

Answer 28

Cell division after fertilisation

Question 29

What's the magnification formula?

Answer 29

Total magnification=objective lens x eye piece lens

Question 30

What's after the total magnification?

Answer 30

Size seen in mm divided by magnification

Question 31

What test is used to find starch?

Answer 31

Iodine solution

Question 32

What test is used to find simple carbohydrates(sugars)?

Answer 32

Benedicts solution

Question 33

What test is used to find protein?

Answer 33

Birvet solution(sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate)

Question 34

What test is used to find fat?

Answer 34

Ethanol emulsion

Question 35

What is energy measured in?

Answer 35

Joules or kilojoules

Question 36

What is the formula for energy released?

Answer 36

Energy released per g= mass of water x change in temp x 5.2 divided by mass of food

Question 37

What's the best place to count energy?

Answer 37

Calorimeter

Question 38

What are enzymes?

Answer 38

Biological catalysts

Question 39

What do catalysts do?

Answer 39

Speed up the rate of a reaction

Question 40

What's a substrate?

Answer 40

Polymer

Question 41

What's a product?

Answer 41

Monomer

Question 42

What does amylase break down?

Answer 42

Starch

Question 43

What does trypsin break down?

Answer 43

Protein

Question 44

What's in an enzyme?

Answer 44

An active site

Question 45

What happens in the active site?

Answer 45

It breaks down or builds up a substrate that fits in(lock and key)

Question 46

What temp does an enzyme work best at?

Answer 46

Body temp

Question 47

What happens to an enzyme after it reaches its optimum temp?

Answer 47

The rate of breaking down goes down as the active site starts to denature

Question 48

What is amylases optimum temp?

Answer 48

37c

Question 49

What indicator can we use to see the concentration of something?

Answer 49

Phelolphthalei

Question 50

The higher the concentration the quicker the what?

Answer 50

The quicker the time it takes to diffuse

Question 51

What is osmosis?

Answer 51

The movement of water from a high gradient to a lower.

Question 52

In diffusion/osmosis, the particles go down a what?

Answer 52

Concentration gradient

Question 53

Over what do particles move?

Answer 53

A semi permeable membrane

Question 54

A solvent flows from a what to a more concentrated one

Answer 54

A dilute solution of solute

Question 55

What can a membrane also contain?

Answer 55

A special protein pump

Question 56

What can be actively transported into a root cell?

Answer 56

Minerals suck as nitrates and phosphates

Question 57

What does the active transport require?

Answer 57

Energy

Question 58

What does active transport act against?

Answer 58

A concentration gradient

Question 59

What are the types of stem cells

Answer 59

Adult and embryonic

Question 60

What's a specialised cell

Answer 60

A cell with a particular job

Question 61

At what age are embryonic stem cells obtained

Answer 61

3-4 days

Question 62

How can stem cells help in medicine

Answer 62

They can be transplanted into a faulty blood system in a leukaemia patient to make healthy blood cells

Question 63

What's a prokaryote

Answer 63

A cell with a nucleus

Question 64

What's a eukaryote

Answer 64

A cell without a nucleus

Question 65

What affects the detail of the image in a microscope

Answer 65

It’s resolution

Question 66

What can help us see specimens more clearly

Answer 66

Stains

Question 67

What is the use of the flagellum

Answer 67

So the bacteria can move

Question 68

What type of dna do bacteria have

Answer 68

One loop of chromosomal dna and a few small loops of plasmids

Question 69

What does chromosomal and plasmid dna do in bacteria

Answer 69

Controls its activities

Question 70

What do bacteria do to get energy

Answer 70

Release digestive enzymes into their environment then absorb digested food into their cells

Question 71

What is protein made out of

Answer 71

Amino acids

Question 72

What is starch made out of

Answer 72

Glucose molecules

Question 73

What are lipids made out of

Answer 73

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 74

Building larger molecules from smaller subunits is called what

Answer 74

Synthesis

Question 75

What does the coverslip do

Answer 75

Hold it flat and in place, and stops it form drying out