Plants (paper2) Flashcards
What can plants and algae do to sunlight?
Trap it’s energy in the chloroplasts
What is sunlight energy then transferred to?
Molecules of sugar called glucose by the process of photosynthesis
What is the photosynthesis equation
Co2 + water -> glucose + oxygen
Where else can animals get stores of energy from
Food
What are the materials inside an organism called
Biomass
Where does photosynthesis occur
Chloroplasts
What type of reaction is photosynthesis
Endothermic as energy enters from the surroundings
What do the glucose molecules link together to make?
A polymer called starch
What happens to the starch after it is made
Broken down into smaller substances then transferred to the cytoplasm to make sucrose
Why are the palisade cells at the top of the leaf?
As they contain lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis
What do stomata allow
carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapour to diffuse into and out of the leaf
What open and closes the stomata
Guard cells
How do guard cells open
When in light, water flows into the pair making them rigid
How do the stomata close
At night, water flows out and they lose the rigidity
Why are leaves thin
So that the carbon dioxide doesn’t have far to diffuse
What is gaseous exchange
The flow of different gases in and out of the leaf
What does a reduced concentration of air molecules affect
The rate of photosynthesis( it lowers )
What are the reactions in photosynthesis catalysed by
Enzymes that work better at warmer temperatures
What is a factor that prevents a rate increasing
A limiting factor
Name some limiting factors in photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide concentration, temp and light intensity
What is the maximum rate of photosynthesis controlled by
The factor in shortest supply
What does a straight line on a graph show
A linear relationship
What is the inverse square law equation
New light intensity = original light intensity x original distance squared divided by new distance squared
What is the new light intensity inversely proportional to?
The new distance squared