Plants (paper2) Flashcards

1
Q

What can plants and algae do to sunlight?

A

Trap it’s energy in the chloroplasts

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2
Q

What is sunlight energy then transferred to?

A

Molecules of sugar called glucose by the process of photosynthesis

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3
Q

What is the photosynthesis equation

A

Co2 + water -> glucose + oxygen

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4
Q

Where else can animals get stores of energy from

A

Food

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5
Q

What are the materials inside an organism called

A

Biomass

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6
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur

A

Chloroplasts

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7
Q

What type of reaction is photosynthesis

A

Endothermic as energy enters from the surroundings

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8
Q

What do the glucose molecules link together to make?

A

A polymer called starch

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9
Q

What happens to the starch after it is made

A

Broken down into smaller substances then transferred to the cytoplasm to make sucrose

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10
Q

Why are the palisade cells at the top of the leaf?

A

As they contain lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis

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11
Q

What do stomata allow

A

carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapour to diffuse into and out of the leaf

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12
Q

What open and closes the stomata

A

Guard cells

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13
Q

How do guard cells open

A

When in light, water flows into the pair making them rigid

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14
Q

How do the stomata close

A

At night, water flows out and they lose the rigidity

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15
Q

Why are leaves thin

A

So that the carbon dioxide doesn’t have far to diffuse

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16
Q

What is gaseous exchange

A

The flow of different gases in and out of the leaf

17
Q

What does a reduced concentration of air molecules affect

A

The rate of photosynthesis( it lowers )

18
Q

What are the reactions in photosynthesis catalysed by

A

Enzymes that work better at warmer temperatures

19
Q

What is a factor that prevents a rate increasing

A

A limiting factor

20
Q

Name some limiting factors in photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide concentration, temp and light intensity

21
Q

What is the maximum rate of photosynthesis controlled by

A

The factor in shortest supply

22
Q

What does a straight line on a graph show

A

A linear relationship

23
Q

What is the inverse square law equation

A

New light intensity = original light intensity x original distance squared divided by new distance squared

24
Q

What is the new light intensity inversely proportional to?

A

The new distance squared

25
What happens in transpiration
It's the movement of water from roots to leaves, through the xylem, which is passive
26
What happens in translocation
It's the movement of sucrose from the leaves to other parts of the plant, through the phloem. It requires energy
27
Name some xylem adaptations
Disintegrated cell walls, making long empty vessels. Rings of lignin for rigidity, so water pressure doesn't burst the vessel
28
Name some phloem adaptations
Contains sieve tubes for translocation, packed with companion cells to pump the sucrose in or out of sieve cells
29
What do gibberellins do
Helps seeds to germinate and grow roots and shoots.
30
What does ethene gas do
It helps fruits ripen
31
What do selective weed killers contain
Artificial auxins that help kill weeds
32
Where are auxins also found
Rooting powders
33
What is photoperiodism
Response of an organism to the number of daylight hours in a day
34
How do plants use photoperiodism
They use it to flower at certain times (when suitable pollinators are around)
35
How is ethene used by plant manufacturers
They ripen un ripe fruit with it