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B12 > Cellular Respiration (5.3) > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration (5.3) Flashcards

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1
Q

Outline the positioning of glycolysis in aerobic respiration

A

First biochemical pathway

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2
Q

State what the energy released from glucose in cellular respiration is used to generate

A

ATP

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3
Q

State how the energy from ATP is transferred

A

When the high energy bond of ATP breaks to form ADP and phosphate

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4
Q

Provide the chemical formula for the release of energy from ATP

A

ADP + Pi -> ADP ~ Pi (ATP)

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5
Q

Describe what the squiggly line in ADP ~ Pi represents

A

High energy bond

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6
Q

State what ATP can be used by a cell for

A

Vital cellular processes including protein synthesis and active transport

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7
Q

State what aerobic cellular respiration requires

A

Oxygen

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8
Q

State the 3 interconnected biochemical pathways of aerobic cellular respiration

A
  1. glycolysis
  2. Krebs cycle
  3. electron transport chain
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9
Q

State where glycolysis occurs

A

Cell cytosol

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10
Q

State what molecule is broken down during glycolysis and what it is broken into

A

Glucose is broken down into pyruvate

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11
Q

State what the two three-carbon molecules glucose is broken down into during glycolysis should be referred to as

A

Pyruvate

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12
Q

State whether or not energy is released during glycolysis and if so, how much

A

2ATP of energy is released

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13
Q

State where the released energy of glycolysis is transferred to during aerobic respiration

A

Coenzymes ATP and NADPH

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14
Q

Describe the individual chemical inputs of glycolysis for aerobic respiration

A

C6H12O6, ADP + Pi and NAD+

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15
Q

Describe the individual chemical outputs of glycolysis for aerobic respiration

A

C3H4O3 (pyruvate), ATP and NADPH

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16
Q

Describe pyruvate

A

Three carbon molecules formed during the glycolysis stage of aerobic cellular respiration

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17
Q

Describe high energy bonds

A

Electrons of the bonds are in a high energy state. The bonds themselves are relatively weak, requiring a small amount of energy to break.

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18
Q

Describe oxidation

A

Reaction in which a substance is combined with oxygen

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19
Q

Describe redox reaction

A

Chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species

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20
Q

Describe phosphorylation

A

Biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound.

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21
Q

Describe aerobic respiration

A

Respiration requiring oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor

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22
Q

Describe alcoholic fermentation

A

Anaerobic pathway where ethanal acts as the electron acceptor forming ethanol as the product

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23
Q

Describe the electron transport chain

A

Enzyme-based redox reaction which pass electrons from high to low redox potentials

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24
Q

Describe glycolysis

A

Series of reactions the convert glucose to pyruvate

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25
Describe lactic acid fermentation
Anaerobic pathway where pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid
26
State where lactic acid fermentation may occur in real life
Skeletal muscles of mammals
27
State how we know that mitochondria evolved before chloroplasts
Mitochondria are found in all eukaryotic cells and chloroplasts are not
28
Describe the endosymbiosis and relationship to mitochondria
Proposes that mitochondria are the descendants of purple aerobic bacterial cell and were engulfed by pre-eukaryotic cell (lived symbiotically)
29
State where the Kreb's cycle occurs
Mitochondrial matrix
30
State where the electron transport chain occurs
Mitochondrial cristae
31
State where anaerobic cellular respiration occur
Cell cytosol
32
State the word overall inputs of aerobic cellular respiration
Glucose and oxygen
33
State the word overall outputs of aerobic cellular respiration
Carbon dioxide, water and ATP
34
State the word overall inputs of anaerobic cellular respiration
Glucose
35
State the word overall outputs of anaerobic cellular respiration
Lactic acid/ethanol with CO2 and ATP
36
State approximately how many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule in aerobic cellular respiration
30-32 ATP molecules
37
State approximately how many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule in anaerobic cellular respiration
2 ATP molecules
38
Provide 3 evidence-based statements supporting the bacterial origins of mitochondria
1. mitochondria divide by binary fission like bacteria 2. Both bacteria and mitochondria have a set of single circular DNA 3. Mitochondrial ribosomes are more similar to bacterial ribosomes than cytoplasmic ribosomes
39
Outline the positioning of the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration
Third biochemical pathway
40
State what molecule is broken down during the link reaction
Two molecules of pyruvate are converted to two molecules of acetyl CoA
41
State where the released energy of the Kreb's cycle is transferred to during aerobic respiration
Coenzymes NADH, FADH2 and ATP
42
The Kreb's cycle is a series of _______ reactions
Eight
43
State whether or not each separate reaction within the Kreb's cycle pathway is catalysed by a separate enzyme
Yes. There are eight reactions within the pathway and each reaction has a separate enzyme
44
Describe what chemicals combine to form water at the conclusion of the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration
H+, e, and O
45
State the other name for the Kreb's cycle
Citric acid cycle
46
Describe the structure of acetyl CoA
Two carbon molecule
47
State how many CO2 molecules are formed for every pyruvate molecule in the Kreb's cycle stage of aerobic respiration
3 CO2 molecules
48
State how many CO2 molecules are formed for every glucose molecule metabolised in the Kreb's cycle stage of aerobic respiration
6 CO2 molecules
49
State what happens to the energy-carrying molecules generated in the Kreb's cycle
Fed into the electron transport chain
50
State what NADH is converted to and what it interacts with to do this
NAD+ by interacting with the first complex at the beginning of the electron transport chain
51
State what FADH2 is converted to and what it interacts with to do this
FAD by interacting the second complex during the electron transport chain
52
State what happens to the H+ ions from the NADH and FADH2 during the electron transport chain
Moved into the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion and combine with O and e to form H2O
53
Describe the positioning of the link reaction in terms of the stages of cellular respiration
Between glycolysis and Kreb's cycle
54
State whether the link reaction is involved in aerobic or anaerobic cellular respiration
Aerobic respiration
55
Propose an alternative term to describe the link reaction
Pyruvate oxidation
56
Describe glycolysis
Series of reactions that extract energy from glucose by splitting it into two pyruvate molecules.
57
Compare and contrast glucose and ATP as cellular energy sources
ATP is the immediate energy source and energy in the glucose molecule is only used to synthesis ATP. ATP is the energy source for cellular processes and reactions.
58
State what reaction ATP undergoes to produce ADP+Pi
Hydrolysis
59
Describe what the mitochondrial matrix contains
Contains mtDNA and ribosomes
60
Describe the function of the cristae
Increase SA of inner membrane, allowing for faster production of ATP
61
Describe the location of the cristae in the mitochondria
Folded inner membrane of mitochondria
62
Describe the mitochondrial matrix
Space within the inner membrane of mitochondria
63
Describe the role of cytochrome c in the electron transport chain
Carries electrons from one complex of integral membrane proteins of the inner mitochondrial membrane to another complex

B12 (41 decks)

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