Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Cellular structure and function > Flashcards

Cellular structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

state cell theory

A
  1. all organisms and their products are made up of cells
  2. all cells come from pre existing cells
  3. The cell is the most basic organisational unit of life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Characteristics of prokaryotes

A
  • small unicellular
  • simple cell structure
  • large SA:V
  • no membrane bound organelles or nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Characteristics of eukaryote

A
  • make up multicellular organism
  • larger and more complex than pro
  • distinct membrane bound organelles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Animals vs plant cells

A
  • plants have cell walls, chloroplast, large central vacuole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

advantages of being multicellular

A
  • more energy efficient
    -longer lifespan
  • sexual reproduction
  • better specialisation
  • allows for adapting to short and long term changes in enviro
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nucleus structure and function

A
  • membrane bound
  • contains DNA
  • contains hereditary information
  • in animals and plants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ribosomes structure and function

A
  • composed of ribosomal RNA
  • location of protein synthesis
  • found in cytoplasm or RER
  • inplants and animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • processes and modifies proteins
  • Ribosomes on RER
  • plant and animal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • membrane bound
  • contains lipids for lipid synthesis
  • plant and animal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lysosomes

A
  • “rubbish bin of cell”- specialised vesicles that digest unwanted matter
  • animal cells
  • membrane bound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Golgi apparatus

A
  • processes and packages proteins in vesicles that are exported out of the cell
  • membrane bound
    -plant and animal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • obtains energy from organic compounds -releases energy from organic compound
  • contains DNA
  • membrane bound
  • Plants and animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chloroplast

A
  • contains chlorophyll
  • contains DNA
  • specialised for photosynthesis as it uses light energy, carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose
  • in plants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

equation for photosynthesis (cellular respiration)

A

6C02 + 12H0 –> C6H1206+602+6H20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vacuole

A
  • large in plants small in animals
  • fluid filled vesicle
  • stores substances and involved in cell structure in plants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

plastid

A
  • plants
    -develops from proplasts
    -synthesises and stores organic molecules
  • DNA
17
Q

centrioles

A
  • involved in cell division and the formation of cell structures such as flagella and cillia
  • small structure in cytoplasm, consisting of microtubules
  • Sometimes in plants always in animals
18
Q

Cilia and Flagella

A
  • external structure consisting of microtubules
  • helps with motility- movement of substances across cell surface
19
Q

Cytoskeleton (not and organelle)

A
  • internal support and transport network
  • movement and stability
  • not in prokaryote
20
Q

Cell wall (not an organelle)

A
  • external structure surrounding pm
  • protects the cell and is apart of cell structure

3 diff types
- plant- cellulose
- fungal- chitin
-prokaryote- murein

21
Q

SA:V ratio in relation to diffusion and how to overcome decreasing SA:V

A

higher SA:V the faster the rate of diffusion/exchange

overcome decerasing SA:V
- become multicellular
- cell compartmentalisation
- flattened shape
- pm extensions

22
Q

plasma membrane def

A

a bilayer of phospholipids that encloses the cells contents and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

23
Q

permeability def

A

ability of a membrane to allow substances to pass through

24
Q

cell fluid name and function

A

intercellular fluid
cytosol- liquid part of cytoplasm
cytoplasm- entire contents of cell minus nucleus

25
Q

phospholipid structure

A

phosphate hydrophilic head and lipid hydrophobic tail

26
Q

cholesterol

A

located between phospholipids making the membrane more stable and have less fluid as it decreases permeability to small water soluble substances

without the membrane breaks down

27
Q

carbohydrates

A
  • structure on the outside of the cell
  • protein + carbohydrate = glycoprotein
  • lipid+ carbohydrate= glycolipid
  • play a role in the recognition and adhesion of other cells, antibodies, hormones and viruses
28
Q

3 types of proteins in the Pmem

A
  • integral-permanent feature of membrane
  • peripheral- temporary feature of membrane
  • tans membrane- span both phospholipid layers
29
Q

channel and carrier proteins

A

channel- enable water soluble molecules to enter the cell through facilitated diffusion
carrier- enable large molecules to enter the cell by facilitated diffusion or active transport

30
Q

types of passive transport and defs

A
31
Q

diffusion and type of transport

A
  • passive
    passive movement of molecules along a concentration gradient from a region of high to low solute concentration
32
Q

osmosis and type of transport

A
  • passive transport
  • osmosis- passive movement of water through a partially permeable membrane, from a region of low to high solute
  • hypertonic- higher concentration of solute
  • isotonic - equal solution concentration
  • hypotonic- lower concentration of solute
33
Q

facilitated diffusion and type of transport

A
  • passive
    transports proteins embedded throughout the membrane that provide a passage for many particles unable to pass via simple diffusion
    channel protein - tunnel
    carrier proteins- bind to molecules to change shape for specificity (conformation)
34
Q

factors affecting rate of diffusion

A
  • temp- higher=faster
    -particle size- smaller=faster
    -concentration- the greater the conc the faster rate of diffusion
35
Q

bulk transport and type of transport

A
  • active transport (ATP)
    -larger molecules can be transported in bulk

-endo and exocytosis

36
Q

endo and exocytosis

A

exocytosis-movement of substance out of cell

endocytosis- movement of substance out of cell
-pinocytosis - entry of substances from the extracellular fluid
-phagocytosis- entry of large particles (bacteria white blood cells, debris)

Biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions