cerebellum

Question 1

Main parts of the cerebellum

Answer 1

1. Transverse fissure
2. tentorium cerebelli
3. vermis
4. cerebellar hemisphere
5. Anterior lobe
6. posterior lobe
7. flocculonodular lobe
8. cerebellar cortex
9. folia
10. arbor vitae
11. cerebellar peduncles (superior, middle, inferior)

Question 2

Main parts of the Thalamus

Answer 2

1. Intermediate mass
2. Internal medullary lamina
3. Internal capsule

Question 3

Main nuclei of thalamus

Answer 3

1. Ventral group -
   A. Ventral posterior nucleus
   B. lateral genticulate nucleus
   C. medial genticulate nucleus

Question 4

Main regions of the hypothalamus

Answer 4

1. Mammillary region
2. Tuberal Region
3. Supraoptic Region
4. Preoptic Region

Question 5

Main parts of the Epithalamus

Answer 5

1. Pineal Gland
2. Melatonin release
3. Habenular Nuclei

Question 6

Main parts of the cerebral cortex

Answer 6

1. gyri/convolutions
2. fissures
3. sulci
4. longitudinal fissure
5. Cerebral hemispheres
6. Corpus Callosum
   7.

Question 7

Lobes of the cerebrum

Answer 7

1. Frontal and Parietal lobe separated by central sulcus
2. Frontal and Temporal lobe separated by lateral cerebral sulcus
3. Parietal and Occipital separated by parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 8

Precentral Gyrus contains

Answer 8

Primary motor area of cerebral cortex

Question 9

Postcentral Gyrus contains

Answer 9

Primary Somatosensory area

Question 10

3 types of cerebral white matter

Answer 10

1. Association tracts
2. Commissural tracts
3. Projection tracts

Question 11

Main parts of basal ganglia

Answer 11

1. Globus pallidus
2. Putamen
3. lentiform nucleus
4. Caudate nucleus
5. Corpus Striatum

Question 12

Main parts of the limbic system

Answer 12

1. Limbic lobe
2. Dentate Gyrus
3. Amygdala
4. Septal Nuclei
5. Mammillary bodies

Question 13

Vermis:

Answer 13

Central constricted part (worm) of cerebellum

Question 13

Cerebellar hemispheres

Answer 13

Wings of the butterfly of cerebellum

Question 14

Cerebellar cortex/folia

Answer 14

Superficial layer of cortex consisting of grey matter in in series of folia

Question 15

Arbor vitae

Answer 15

Deep to folia, tracts of white matter

Question 16

Cerebella peduncles

Answer 16

-attach the cerebellum to the brain stem
-bundles of white matter

Question 17

Superior and Middle cerebellar peduncles info

Answer 17

Superior – cerebellum to red nuclei (midbrain) +
thalamus

Middle – largest
- axons carry impulses for voluntary mvts
from pontine nucleus to cerebellum

Question 18

Primary function of cerebellum

Answer 18

-primary function of cerebellum is to evaluate how well movements initiated by the cerebrum are actually carried out

-if not carried out correctly, the cerebellum detects
the discrepancy and sends feedback signals to the
cerebral cortex

-the feedback signals help correct the errors,
smooth the movements and coordinate complex
sequences of skeletal muscle contractions

Question 19

Ataxia (damage to cerebellum)

Answer 19

loss of ability to coordinate muscle mvts

Question 20

Diencephalon main parts

Answer 20

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus

Question 21

Thalamus main function

Answer 21

relays almost all sensory input to cerebral cortex

-contributes to motor functions by transmitting
information from cerebellum and basal nuclei to primary motor area of cerebral cortex

-also relays nerve impulses between different
areas of the cerebrum and plays a role in the
maintenance of consciousness

Question 22

Intermediate mass

Answer 22

-bridge of grey matter

-joins the right and left thalamus

-found in 70% of brains

Question 23

Internal medullary lamina

Answer 23

-divides the grey matter of each thalamus

-myelinated axons that enter and leave the various
thalamic nuclei
(y-shaped)

Question 24

Internal capsule

Answer 24

thick band of white matter, lateral to the thalamus

Question 25

Ventral posterior nucleus

Answer 25

relays impulses for somatic sensations like touch, pressure, vibration, itch, tickle, temperature, pain and proprioception from face and body to cerebral cortex

Question 26

Lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 26

relays **visual impulses** for sight from the retina to the primary visual area of the cerebral cortex

Question 27

Medial geniculate nucleus

Answer 27

relays **auditory impulses** for hearing from the ear to the primary auditory area of the cerebral cortex

Question 28

Important functions of hypothalamus

Answer 28

-control of ANS -production of hormones -regulates emotional and behavioural patterns -regulates eating and drinking -control of body temperature -regulates circadian rhythm

Question 29

4 regions of the hypothalamus

Answer 29

1. Mammillary 2. Tuberal 3. Supraoptic 4. Preoptic

Question 30

Mammillary region

Answer 30

-adjacent to midbrain -most posterior part -mammillary bodies (for memories) -posterior hypothalamic nuclei

Question 31

Tuberal region

Answer 31

-widest part of hypothalamus -dorsomedial nucleus -ventromedial nucleus -arcuate nucleus -infundibulum (connects pituitary gland to hypothalamus) -medial eminence

Question 32

Supraoptic region

Answer 32

-in front of optic chiasm -paraventricular nucleus -supraoptic nucleus -anterior hypothalamus -suprachiasmatic nucleus (circadian rhythym)

Question 33

Preoptic region

Answer 33

-regulates certain autonomic activities -contains medial and lateral preoptic nuclei

Question 34

Pineal gland

Answer 34

* Part of endocrine system because it secretes melatonin

Question 35

Habencular nuclei involved in?

Answer 35

* * olfaction, especially emotional responses to odors

Question 36

Circumventricular Organs (CVOs) function

Answer 36

coordinate homeostatic activities of endocrine and nervous system

Question 37

Why are CVO's thought to be where HIV enters brain?

Answer 37

* * -CVOs lack a blood-brain barrier (BBB) which allows them to better communicate with the rest of the body

Question 38

Cerebrum function

Answer 38

* * provides us with the ability to read, write, speak make calculations, compose music, to remember the past, plan for the future, imagine…

Question 39

Cerebral cortex made of?

Answer 39

-region of grey matter that forms the outer rim -only about 2-4 mm thick -contains billions of neurons arranged in layers

Question 40

fissures

Answer 40

* * Deepest grooves b/w the folds

Question 41

Sulci

Answer 41

* * shallower grooves b/w folds

Question 42

Longitudinal fissure

Answer 42

Most prominent feature on cerebrum, separating left and right hemisphere